Collaborative Research: Insults for free: the roles of metamorphosis and dormancy in aging dynamics

合作研究：免费侮辱：变态和休眠在衰老动态中的作用

• 批准号: 2311953
• 负责人: Michael Dillon
• 金额: $ 39.83万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2311953&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Insults; free; roles

Biological age does not always correlate with chronological age, and it is unclear how physiology contributes to aging or protects from it. Some hypotheses predict that organisms will repair tissues necessary for reproduction, while allowing other tissues to age. Other hypotheses predict the opposite: tissues related to reproduction will age faster because of selection for early life fitness. This research will examine aging dynamics across life stages and tissues, and in response to stress. Bees are an ideal system to probe the mechanistic underpinnings of extreme differences in lifespan, yielding general insight into regulators of aging. Bee life-cycles are short compared to vertebrates and its possible to examine lifetime patterns of senescence. And, many aspects of cellular senescence are conserved across insects and vertebrates. Investigating how aging dynamics differ among species may lead to new ways of disrupting negative effects of aging. Understanding aging is particularly pressing in a world in which organisms are increasingly exposed to stress and many bee species are in decline. The proposed research will support the training of six graduate students and six undergraduate students. A K-12 learning module on bumble bee spring emergence will be developed as a hands-on lesson to engage Native American high school students in STEM. As part of an ongoing collaboration, informational exhibits and outreach events about pollinators will be developed with the Red River Valley Zoo (Fargo, ND) and Science Kids and Wyoming PBS (Laramie, WY). The objective of the proposed research is to integrate physiology with life history theory to mechanistically explain patterns of aging. Insect metamorphosis may be an extreme version of the disposable soma hypothesis. During metamorphosis, larval tissues are recycled and replaced by imaginal cells with stem cell-like properties, which have the potential to be cellularly “younger” than the tissues they replace. Insect metamorphosis may provide an opportunity to dispose of damaged somatic tissues, mitigating the effects of juvenile exposure to stress. Insect overwintering, also known as diapause, also has important implications for aging. Diapause increases lifespans by six times compared to non-diapausing individuals. This research will determine how metamorphosis and diapause contribute to aging dynamics by examining cellular damage and organismal performance by: 1) determining the relationship between senescence and cellular markers of aging, 2) examining how the disposable soma during metamorphosis influences aging by comparing cellular aging in tissues formed during metamorphosis to those carried over from the larval stage, and 3) assessing whether overwintering dormancy is a slowing down of aging or is regenerative. The proposed research will investigate these dynamics in solitary bees and bumble bees, and will strengthen an already productive collaboration between NDSU, UW, and the USDA-ARS, and greatly extend what is known about the mechanisms that contribute to variation in senescence.This project is jointly funded by the Integrative Ecological Physiology program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生物年龄并不总是与实际年龄相关，目前尚不清楚生理学如何促进衰老或防止衰老。一些假设预测生物体会修复繁殖所需的组织，同时允许其他组织衰老。其他假设则预测相反：组织。由于早期生命适应性的选择，与繁殖相关的蜜蜂会老化得更快。这项研究将检查生命阶段和组织的衰老动态，并且蜜蜂是探索寿命极端差异的机制基础的理想系统，并得出一般结论。洞察与脊椎动物相比，蜜蜂的生命周期较短，并且可以检查细胞衰老的许多方面在昆虫和脊椎动物中是保守的，研究物种之间衰老动态的差异可能会带来新的方法。在生物体日益面临压力且许多蜜蜂物种数量正在减少的世界中，了解衰老尤为紧迫。这项研究将支持对六名研究生和六名本科生的培训。关于大黄蜂春季出现的 K-12 学习模块将作为实践课程开发，让美国原住民高中生参与 STEM。作为持续合作的一部分，我们将与红河合作举办有关授粉昆虫的信息展览和外展活动。 Valley Zoo（北达科他州法戈）和 Science Kids 和怀俄明州 PBS（怀俄明州拉勒米）这项研究的目的是将生理学与生活史理论相结合，从机械上解释昆虫的变态模式。一次性体体假说的极端版本​​。在变态期间，幼虫组织被回收并被具有干细胞样特性的成虫细胞所取代，这些细胞有可能比它们所取代的组织更“年轻”，这可能为昆虫变态提供了机会。处理受损的体细胞组织，减轻幼年昆虫越冬（也称为滞育）的影响，滞育对衰老也有重要意义。与非滞育个体相比，本研究将通过检查细胞损伤和有机体性能来确定变态和滞育如何影响衰老动态：1）确定衰老和衰老细胞标志物之间的关系，2）检查变态过程中一次性体体的情况。通过比较变态过程中形成的组织中的细胞衰老与幼虫阶段遗留下来的细胞衰老来影响衰老，以及3）评估越冬休眠是否会减缓衰老或再生。独居蜂和熊蜂的这些动态，并将加强 NDSU、威斯康辛大学和 USDA-ARS 之间已经富有成效的合作，并极大地扩展对导致衰老变化的机制的了解。该项目由综合生态生理学计划和刺激竞争性研究既定计划 (EPSCoR)。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准。