EAGER: Fertilizing the Tree of Life with novel taxa from deep-sea vent microbial metagenomes collected over time and space

EAGER：用随时间和空间收集的深海喷口微生物宏基因组中的新类群为生命之树施肥

• 批准号: 2409507
• 负责人: Anna-Louise Reysenbach
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2409507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Fertilizing; Tree; Life; novel

Deep-sea hot springs occurring along mid-ocean ridges or in deep-sea volcanoes, are some of the most poorly explored environments on Earth. When the very hot gas-filled and mineral-rich water mixes with the cold seawater at depths greater than 1500 meters (1 mile), the minerals precipitate out of solution producing porous rocks often referred to as ‘chimneys’. These structures are colonized by a very rich diversity of heat-loving microbial life, much of which is new to science. The researchers will use cutting-edge genomic technology to sequence the genomes of the microbes in these high temperature ecosystems from samples collected over the past 25 years in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The research will transform our understanding of the extent and complexity of life on Earth and will provide insights into how life thrives and evolves under these extreme conditions. Further, the genomic information unlocked in this study can be used to search for future biotechnological and industrial applications. Additionally, data generated in this research will serve as a microbial genomic resource for the UN High Seas agreement adopted in June 2023, which in part aims prevent biodiversity loss in the high seas. The overall goal of the research is to synthesize the spatial and temporal dynamics of archaeal and bacterial environmental genomes in deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits. This approach is transformative as it will be possible to develop an extensive temporal framework of microbial genomic biodiversity from deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and provide further taxonomic and diversity insights into poorly represented lineages from deep-sea vents. Specifically, representative deep-sea hydrothermal vent metagenomes and culture collection genomes will be characterized by integrating recent metagenomes with those obtained through this research, spanning data from 1999-2018. Reference (type) metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of new genera, families, orders, classes, and phyla from deep-sea vent environments will be curated, named and deposited in Genbank, the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) and in the recently developed SeqCode. These genomes will be integrated into taxonomic characterization and synthesis of the clades such has the Aquificota, Aciduliprofundales and Desulfurellales (Hippea spp.) and the taxonomic revision of the Thermoprotei. Using metagenomic approaches, the research will explore whether functional and/or phylogenomic changes have occurred over time from single and global sites, and address outstanding questions in microbial taxonomy, such as how or whether type-strain environmental genomes evolve over time, or even spatially; key processes to understanding the evolution of life on Earth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

发生在大洋中脊或深海火山中的深海温泉是地球上最缺乏开发的环境，当非常热的充满气体和富含矿物质的水与冰冷的海水在更深的深度混合时。 1500 米（1 英里）处，矿物质从溶液中沉淀出来，形成多孔岩石，通常被称为“烟囱”，这些结构中栖息着种类繁多的喜热微生物。研究人员将利用尖端基因组技术对过去 25 年在大西洋、太平洋和印度洋收集的样本中的微生物基因组进行测序。了解地球上生命的范围和复杂性，并将提供有关生命如何在这些极端条件下繁衍生息和进化的见解。此外，本研究中解锁的基因组信息可用于寻找未来的生物技术和工业应用。此外，还生成了数据。在这项研究中将服务于作为 2023 年 6 月通过的联合国公海协议的微生物基因组资源，该协议的部分目的是防止公海生物多样性丧失。该研究的总体目标是综合深海古菌和细菌环境基因组的时空动态。 -海洋热液喷口沉积物是一种变革性方法，因为可以从太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的深海热液喷口沉积物中开发出广泛的微生物基因组生物多样性时间框架，并提供进一步的研究。来自深海喷口环境的新属、科、目、纲和门的宏基因组组装基因组（MAG）将被整理、命名和存放。 Genbank、基因组分类数据库 (GTDB) 和最近开发的 SeqCode 中，这些基因组将被整合到 Aquiificota、Aciduliprofundales 和 Desulfurellales (Hippea spp.) 等分支的分类学特征和合成中，以及 Thermoprotei 的分类学修订中。使用宏基因组方法，该研究将探讨单个和全球位点是否随着时间的推移发生功能和/或系统发育变化，以及解决微生物分类学中的突出问题，例如类型菌株环境基因组如何或是否随时间甚至空间进化，以了解地球上生命进化的关键过程。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持；使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。