Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Criminal Record, and Access to Justice in Immigration Courts

复合劣势：种族、犯罪记录和在移民法庭诉诸司法的机会

• 批准号: 2407056
• 负责人: Emily Ryo
• 金额: $ 33.79万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-12-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2407056&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Compounded; Disadvantage; Race; Criminal; Record

For immigrants, even minor and relatively routine interactions with law enforcement—such as a traffic stop—can dramatically increase the chances of detention and deportation. This is true even for lawful permanent residents and those with deep social ties to the United States. Detention and deportation are widely recognized as devastating life events with enduring negative consequences not only for the individuals, but also for their families and surrounding communities. Yet because there is no right to government-appointed counsel for immigrants in removal proceedings, most immigrants lack legal representation. As a result, immigrants in removal proceedings are one of the most vulnerable, yet least legally protected groups in our justice system. This project investigates how these immigrants fare in our immigration court system once they enter the immigration adjudication process. Such an investigation is critical to developing policies that promote a more fair and equitable justice system that ensures access to justice for all individuals in the United States.This project will address three key questions. First, are there racial/ethnic disparities in case outcomes in removal proceedings for immigrants with criminal history? Second, what is the role of judicial bias in generating racial and ethnic disparities in these case outcomes? Third, are immigrants of color less likely to have legal representation in these proceedings, and are the benefits of legal representation smaller for them even when they are represented? To address these questions, this project will collect and analyze several major datasets on immigration court cases and immigration judges in the United States. This unique dataset will widely expand the study of immigration adjudication across multiple disciplines including law, public policy, sociology, political science, criminology, and other related fields. In addition, findings from this research will generate new insights about how racial disparities across multiple legal institutions can have mutually reinforcing effects that generate compounded disadvantage for marginalized communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对于移民，甚至与执法部门（例如交通停止）甚至相对常规相互作用，也可以大大增加拘留和驱逐出境的机会。对于合法的永久居民和与美国有着深厚的社会联系的人来说，这也是如此。拘留和驱逐出境被广泛认为是毁灭性的生活事件，不仅对个人，而且对他们的家庭和周围社区产生负面影响。然而，由于无权在撤职程序中为移民任命政府律师，因此大多数移民缺乏法律代表。结果，撤职程序中的移民是我们司法系统中最脆弱但最不受欢迎的群体之一。该项目调查了这些移民进入移民调整过程后，这些移民在我们的移民法院系统中的表现。这样的投资对于制定促进更公平，更公平的司法系统的政策至关重要，该政策确保美国所有个人的司法公正。该项目将解决三个关键问题。首先，如果有犯罪历史的移民的撤职程序，是否存在种族/种族差异？第二，在这些情况下，司法偏见在产生种族和种族差异方面有什么作用？第三，有色人种的移民在这些程序中是否不太可能具有法律代表，即使代表他们，法律代表的好处是否较小？为了解决这些问题，该项目将收集和分析有关移民法院案件和移民法官的几个主要数据集。这个独特的数据集将广泛扩展对包括法律，公共政策，社会学，政治学，犯罪学和其他相关领域在内的多个学科的移民调整研究。此外，这项研究的发现将产生有关多个法律机构之间的种族差异如何产生与边缘化社区相互加强灾难的新见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用基金会的知识和更广泛影响的评估来审查Criteria来通过评估来获得支持的珍贵的。