DISES: Understanding invisible socio-environmental systems through pesticide exposure across human-wildlife interactions in tropical forest-agricultural mosaics

疾病：通过热带森林-农业马赛克中人类与野生动物相互作用中农药暴露来了解无形的社会环境系统

• 批准号: 2307519
• 负责人: Michael Wasserman
• 金额: $ 102.61万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISES; Understanding; invisible; socio; environmental

Faced with global climate change, farmers must learn to cope with the altered timing of when to plant crops, reduced crop production, and more pests like insects and fungi. One solution farmers have turned to is increased reliance on and use of pesticides. The increase in pesticides can create problems for agricultural systems that aim to provide healthy food and protected areas. For instance, national parks often aim to conserve two different adjacent land uses. This is especially true in regions with tropical forests. The increased use of pesticides in response to climate change often overlooks consequences for both humans and wildlife. Therefore, this research project will examine how variables such as rainfall, pest pressure on crops, previous land use, and pesticide and labor availability around a tropical forest-agricultural system in Uganda (Kibale National Park) interact to influence human and wildlife well-being through tradeoffs between food production and pesticide exposure. This research will also increase the understanding of tradeoffs between agricultural practices, human well-being, and conservation of biodiversity globally. In addition to the scientific research, the researchers will train students from underserved communities and postdoctoral scholars. This project will provide training about connections between climate variability, land use change, pest pressure on crops, agricultural practices, food security, and pesticide exposure and practical options to manage and mitigate risk. The project will work with the Uganda Wildlife Authority to enhance public awareness regarding pesticide use. Tools will be employed to educate local and national media on proper pesticide application and ways to reduce pesticide exposure to people and wildlife.To accomplish the project’s goals, the researchers will use a unique approach based on methodology and theory from the diverse fields of geography, environmental chemistry, anthropology, human biology, and wildlife ecology. Specifically, the researchers will (1) quantify environmental pressure across multiple farms around Kibale National Park; (2) evaluate household decisions about pesticide use; (3) measure concentrations of pesticides across the landscape; (4) determine exposure to pesticides in wildlife using feces and in humans using silicone wristbands; (5) determine susceptibility to pesticide exposure using measures of cortisol in saliva for humans and feces for wildlife; and (6) model relationships and feedback loops across environmental and social components of the socio-environmental system using an agent-based model.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

面对全球气候变化，农民必须学会应对农作物种植时间的改变、作物产量的减少以及昆虫和真菌等害虫的增加，农民转向的解决方案之一是增加对农药的依赖和使用。农药的使用会给旨在提供健康食品和保护区的农业系统带来问题，例如，国家公园通常旨在保护两种不同的相邻土地用途，这在热带森林地区尤其如此。气候变化往往忽视对双方的后果因此，该研究项目将研究乌干达（基巴莱国家公园）热带森林农业系统周围的降雨量、农作物虫害压力、以前的土地利用情况以及农药和劳动力可用性等变量如何相互作用影响人类和野生动物。通过权衡粮食生产和农药接触来保护野生动物的福祉，这项研究还将增进对全球农业实践、人类福祉和生物多样性保护之间权衡的理解。服务不足的社区和博士后学者。将提供有关气候变化、土地利用变化、农作物虫害压力、农业实践、粮食安全和农药接触之间联系的培训，以及管理和减轻风险的实用方案。该项目将与乌干达野生动物管理局合作，提高公众对相关问题的认识。将使用工具来教育当地和国家媒体如何正确使用农药以及减少人类和野生动物接触农药的方法。为了实现该项目的目标，研究人员将使用基于不同领域的方法和理论的独特方法。地理学、环境化学、人类学、人类生物学和野生动物具体来说，研究人员将（1）量化基巴莱国家公园周围多个农场的环境压力；（3）评估整个地区的农药浓度；（4）确定农药的使用情况。野生动物使用粪便和人类使用硅胶腕带；(5) 通过测量人类唾液和野生动物粪便中的皮质醇来确定农药暴露的敏感性；(6) 建立跨环境和社会组成部分的关系和反馈循环模型；该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。