SCC-IRG Track 1: Smart and Safe Prescribed Burning for Rangeland and Wildland Urban Interface Communities

SCC-IRG 第 1 轨道：牧场和荒地城市界面社区的智能、安全规定燃烧

• 批准号: 2306603
• 负责人: Xiaolin Hu
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: Georgia State University Research Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2306603&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; IRG; Track; Smart; Safe

Prescribed fires have long been used by ranchers and farmers in the Great Plains as a land management tool. They help farming and grazing by replenishing the soil, increasing forage production, and protecting prairies from invasive overgrowth. They are also used by rural and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) communities to remove built-up fuels for reducing risks of wildfires. Despite the many benefits of prescribed fires, there are safety and environmental concerns for prescribed burn events. On the safety aspect, an escaped fire or a fire reignited from smoldering fuels can become uncontrolled and result in severe property damages and injuries to people. On the environmental aspect, smoke from prescribed fires causes air pollution for local communities and communities downwind. To manage and minimize these concerns, optimal planning and execution of prescribed fires are crucial. The objective of this project is to develop a community sensing, planning, and learning infrastructure to support smart and safe prescribed burning for communities that use prescribed fires for rangeland and wildfire risk management. The developed infrastructure will be integrated into a cloud-based platform to support landowners to optimally plan and operate prescribed burns, collect and share data about burning, and train fire operators to learn the most effective ways of burning. The project will also promote technology awareness for building smart communities in rural areas, by increasing partnerships among academia, rural communities, and local governments. The integrated research of this project includes: 1) technical research on multi-scale sensing and data fusion, data-driven burn condition modeling, grassland fuel mapping & hotspot detection, and fire behavior modeling and simulation; 2) social science research that addresses the knowledge gap on how communities engage with and coordinate burn practices through the use of technology; and 3) community engagement that develops tools, data repositories, and activities to support communities’ smart and safe prescribed burning. The multiscale sensing and data fusion integrate data from heterogeneous sources including satellite remote sensing, unmanned aircraft systems, and crowdsourced reports. We will work with two communities in Kansas to evaluate and demonstrate the developed research: 1) The Gyp Hills community represents a rangeland community where an average prescribed fire covers over hundreds of acres for grasslands primarily used for grazing; 2) the Eastern Kansas community represents a suburban WUI community where prescribed fires are employed at a smaller scale.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

长期以来，大平原的牧场主和农民一直将规定的火灾用作土地管理工具，通过补充土壤、增加饲料产量和保护草原免受入侵过度生长来帮助耕作和放牧。农村和荒地城市也使用规定的火灾。接口（WUI）社区清除积聚的燃料以降低野火风险尽管规定的火灾有很多好处，但规定的燃烧事件存在安全和环境问题。阴燃燃料重新点燃可能会变得不受控制，并导致严重的财产损失和人员伤害。在环境方面，规定火灾产生的烟雾会对当地社区和顺风社区造成空气污染。为了管理和尽量减少这些问题，需要优化规划和执行规定的措施。该项目的目标是开发社区感知、规划和学习基础设施，以支持使用规定火灾进行牧场和野火风险管理的社区的智能和安全规定燃烧。已开发的基础设施将集成到云中。基于平台支持土地所有者优化规划和实施规定的燃烧，收集和共享燃烧数据，并培训消防操作员学习最有效的燃烧方法。该项目还将通过加强学术界之间的合作，提高农村地区建设智能社区的技术意识。该项目的综合研究包括：1）多尺度传感和数据融合、数据驱动的燃烧条件建模、草地燃料测绘和热点检测、火灾行为建模和模拟的技术研究； 2）社会科学研究解决社区如何通过使用技术参与和协调燃烧实践的知识差距；3）社区参与开发工具、数据存储库和活动，以支持社区智能和安全的规定燃烧集成多尺度传感和数据融合。来自不同来源的数据，包括卫星遥感、无人机系统和众包报告，我们将与堪萨斯州的两个社区合作，评估和展示已开发的研究：1) Gyp Hills 社区代表一个牧场社区，该社区的平均规定火灾覆盖率超过 10%。数百主要用于放牧的草原面积；2) 堪萨斯州东部社区代表 WUI 郊区社区，该社区采用较小规模的规定火灾。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，被认为值得支持。以及更广泛的影响审查标准。