DDRIG: Control Data: American Power and the Global Assembly Line 1957-1992

DDRIG：控制数据：1957-1992 年美国电力和全球装配线

• 批准号: 2341820
• 负责人: Elizabeth Blackmar
• 金额: $ 2.42万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2341820&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DDRIG; Control; Data; American; Power; DDRIG; Control; Data; American; Power

This research investigates global supply chains as a historical socio-political model for the manufacture of high-technology products—such as disk packs, integrated circuits, printers, and terminals—that emerged in response to US industrial policy during the second half of the twentieth century. The project aims to enhance public awareness by providing critical historical context for recent concerns over globalization, technology trade, and the Buy American movement. It, furthermore, speaks to the geopolitical and socio-economic stakes of such trade, helping us understand when globalized supply distribution works—and doesn’t—and for whom.Drawing on extensive research in business and state government archives as well as oral histories with former tech workers, the project explores the creation of a global supply chain at one major US-based firm—Control Data Corporation. Control Data, US Defense contractor and rival of IBM, produced some of the fastest and most powerful supercomputers of the twentieth century. Facing a decline in US Defense Department funding for research and development (R&D), however, the company began globalizing its manufacturing operations in the early 1960s. This global assembly line broke manufacturing into phases—R&D, marketing, assembly, and the production of parts and components—and strategically placed these phases around the world, from eastern Kentucky to Romania to South Korea. Reorganizing production lowered the costs of basic manufacturing, allowing executives to redistribute savings across the firm and take advantage of the dollar’s strength in international trade. At the same time, this production model assisted US power abroad by reordering public-private partnerships forged at the height of the Cold War across various federal agencies (Defense, State, Labor, etc.). The research zeros in on not only the interplay between company representatives and government officials in making the supply chain model in high-tech, but also foregrounds businessmen and bureaucrats’ enlisting thousands of women into the company’s global electronic assembly operations. Overall, the project demonstrates that, by the time the Soviet Union collapsed and Control Data wound down in the early 1990s, one-world trade had been well underway for three decades in the computer industry—an arrangement with its own social and strategic trade-offs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将全球供应链作为一种历史社会政治模型，用于制造高科技产品（例如磁盘包，综合电路，打印机和终端），该模型在二十世纪下半叶响应美国工业​​政策而出现。该项目旨在通过为全球化，技术贸易和购买美国运动的最新关注提供关键的历史背景来提高公众意识。此外，它还谈到了这种贸易的地缘政治和社会经济赌注，帮助我们了解全球化的供应分销何时有效，而对谁进行，而对谁进行了业务和州政府档案的广泛研究以及与前技术工作者的口头历史，该项目探索了一家基于美国主要的公司的全球供应链的创建 - 康德罗尔（Control Data Corporation）的一家全球供应链。控制数据，美国国防承包商和IBM风险，生产了20世纪最快，最强大的超级计算机。然而，面对美国国防部研究与发展的资金下降（R＆D），该公司于1960年代初开始全球化其制造业务。这条全球装配线分为R＆D，市场营销，组装以及零件和组件的生产 - 从肯塔基州东部到罗马尼亚再到韩国。重组生产降低了基本制造的成本，使高管们可以在整个公司中储蓄，并利用美元在国际贸易中的优势。同时，该生产模式通过在冷战范围内忘记了在各个联邦机构（国防，州，劳动力等）的冷战最高时期遗忘的公私合作伙伴关系来帮助美国国外的权力。研究零不仅对公司代表与政府官员之间的相互作用进行了高科技供应链模式，还提出了前景商人和Brushastras的招募，并将成千上万的妇女纳入公司的全球电子集会业务。总体而言，该项目表明，到1990年代初期苏联崩溃并控制数据时，一个世界贸易在计算机行业已经进行了三十年，并以其自身的社交和战略权衡的安排。这奖反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智力效果评估来评估NSF的法规任务，并以诚实的态度进行了评估。