Dimensions: The causes and consequences of leaf trait evolution for hidden life on the phyllosphere: Phylogeny, function, and the genome

维度：叶际隐藏生命的叶子性状进化的原因和后果：系统发育、功能和基因组

• 批准号: 2301659
• 负责人: marjorie weber
• 金额: $ 110.31万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301659&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; causes; consequences; leaf; trait

Plant enemies, such as herbivores that eat leaves, or diseases that invade and destroy plant tissue, are repelled by a suite of leaf traits that have evolved for plant defense. One of the most well-established forms of natural plant defenses are traits that recruit animals to defend the plant against its enemies in return for food and/or shelter. These reward traits can substantially reduce plant damage, but the benefits they confer can vary over different conditions, and some plant species have even evolved to lose reward-traits over time. This research focuses on understanding the dynamics of reward trait evolution using mite domatia (small structures on plant leaves that house beneficial mites). In the right context, mites housed in domatia protect the plant by cleaning the leaf surface of microbial pathogens and small herbivores. Mite domatia appear in ~24% the world's flowering plant families, and are found in many economically important groups, including coffee, cherries, and grapes. Grapes (genus Vitis), are especially interesting, as some species have mite-containing domatia that defend the leaves, while other species, including many of the most economically important grape species, do not. This research leverages the natural variation in domatia seen in wild grape species to understand how plant traits affect leaf communities. The genetic and environmental contexts in which plants successfully use beneficial mite populations to naturally defend themselves against pathogens and herbivores will be identified. The research will lead to a better understand of the interactions among grapes, their herbivores, beneficial arthropods, and the leaf microbiome. Data will be disseminated freely to the public and will have the potential to enhance grape agriculture and breeding, and potentially other important crop species. The project will also train a post-doctoral researcher and graduate student in diverse field and laboratory methods and analyses, and develop tools to better integrate research products in undergraduate biology classes.This project will examine how leaf micro-structure impacts multi-trophic phyllosphere communities within and across Vitis species, and will investigate how phyllosphere dynamics can feedback to impact plant fitness. The presence/absence of domatia and related leaf-trait variation will be linked to abiotic conditions, genetic variation, consequences for leaf microbial and arthropod communities, and plant fitness. The investigators will integrate phylogenetic comparative modeling, niche and range reconstruction, comparative genomics, and large-scale field experiments to understand the historical, ecological, and genetic causes and consequences of leaf domatia trait variation in the diversification of Vitis species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物天敌，例如吃叶子的食草动物，或侵入并破坏植物组织的疾病，会被一系列为植物防御而进化的叶子特征所排斥。最完善的天然植物防御形式之一是招募动物来保护植物免受敌人侵害，以换取食物和/或庇护所的特征。这些奖励性状可以大大减少对植物的损害，但它们带来的好处可能会因条件不同而有所不同，有些植物物种甚至随着时间的推移而进化失去奖励性状。这项研究的重点是利用螨虫 Domatia（植物叶子上容纳有益螨虫的小结构）来了解奖励性状进化的动态。在适当的环境下，多马蒂亚中的螨虫通过清除叶子表面的微生物病原体和小型食草动物来保护植物。多马蒂亚螨出现在世界上约 24% 的开花植物科中，并且存在于许多重要的经济类群中，包括咖啡、樱桃和葡萄。葡萄（葡萄属）特别有趣，因为一些物种具有含有螨虫的圆孔来保护叶子，而其他物种，包括许多经济上最重要的葡萄品种，则没有。这项研究利用野生葡萄品种中观察到的 domatia 的自然变异来了解植物性状如何影响叶子群落。 将确定植物成功利用有益螨种群来自然防御病原体和食草动物的遗传和环境背景。这项研究将有助于更好地了解葡萄、其食草动物、有益节肢动物和叶子微生物组之间的相互作用。数据将免费向公众传播，并将有可能加强葡萄农业和育种，以及其他重要作物品种。该项目还将在不同领域和实验室方法和分析方面培训一名博士后研究员和研究生，并开发工具以更好地将研究产品整合到本科生物学课程中。该项目将研究叶子微结构如何影响多营养叶际群落在葡萄品种内部和之间进行研究，并将研究叶际动力学如何反馈以影响植物的适应性。多马蒂亚的存在/不存在和相关的叶子性状变异将与非生物条件、遗传变异、对叶子微生物和节肢动物群落的影响以及植物适应性有关。研究人员将整合系统发育比较模型、生态位和范围重建、比较基因组学和大规模田间实验，以了解葡萄品种多样化中叶Domatia性状变异的历史、生态和遗传原因和后果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Evolutionary signatures of a trade-off in direct and indirect defenses across the wild grape genus, Vitis

野生葡萄属葡萄属直接和间接防御权衡的进化特征

• DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad140
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Graham, Carolyn D. K.;Forrestel, Elisabeth J.;Schilmiller, Anthony L.;Zemenick, Ash T.;Weber, Marjorie G.;Kronforst, ed., Marcus;Connallon, ed., Tim
• 通讯作者: Connallon, ed., Tim

Modeling the Evolution of Rates of Continuous Trait Evolution

连续性状进化速率的进化建模

• DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac068
• 发表时间: 2023-06-17
• 期刊: Systematic Biology
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Martin, Bruce S.;Bradburd, Gideon S.;Harmon, Luke J.;Weber, Marjorie G.;López
• 通讯作者: López