SHINE: Understanding the Relationships of Photospheric Vector Magnetic Field Parameters in Solar Flare Occurrences using Graph-based Machine Learning Models

SHINE：使用基于图的机器学习模型了解太阳耀斑发生时光球矢量磁场参数的关系

• 批准号: 2301397
• 负责人: Shah Muhammad Hamdi
• 金额: $ 43.77万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301397&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHINE; Understanding; Relationships; Photospheric; Vector

This project advances interdisciplinary research connecting heliophysics and computer science. Solar observations from NASA and NOAA observatories will be used to train machine learning classifiers for creating a new solar flare prediction model. Solar flares are intense localized eruptions of electromagnetic radiation in the Sun’s atmosphere, and the prediction of solar flares is essential because of their potential hazardous impacts on today’s technology-driven society. The project supports an early-career faculty member and will encourage underrepresented minority students to explore data science and space weather research through the Native American Summer Mentorship Program at Utah State University (USU). Two graduate students and one undergraduate student will be supported and the PI will offer a distance learning course for rural students within the USU system.This research leverages the rich connectivity information of graph data for flare prediction from multivariate time series (MVTS)-represented solar active region data. The research will be centered around two science questions. (1) How to leverage the time series similarities of the magnetic field parameters for the prediction of flares? (2) What are the most important magnetic field parameters (and their time series similarities) that maximally distinguish multiple flare classes? In Task 1, the team will transform MVTS instances to parameter graphs, where the nodes denote the magnetic field parameters, and edges denote the univariate time series similarities of the node pairs. Novel graph neural network (GNN) models will be designed that can achieve better flare prediction performance on a benchmark MVTS dataset. In Task 2, features will be extracted from the parameter graphs at node-level, edge-level, and subgraph-level, and ranked by the most important graph features. In Task 3, the team will model the MVTS dataset as a single graph, where nodes will denote AR temporal segments and edges will denote MVTS similarities of the node pairs. Unsupervised clustering will be applied with community detection algorithms to find the magnetically homogeneous active region temporal segments, and clustering-based features will be used to support flare prediction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目推进了太阳物理学和计算机科学之间的跨学科研究，美国宇航局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局天文台的太阳观测将用于训练机器学习分类器，以创建新的太阳耀斑预测模型。太阳耀斑的预测至关重要，因为它们对当今技术驱动的社会具有潜在的危险影响。该项目支持一名职业生涯早期的教员，并将鼓励代表性不足的少数族裔学生探索数据科学和技术。将通过犹他州立大学 (USU) 的美国原住民夏季导师计划进行空间天气研究，将支持两名研究生和一名本科生，并且 PI 将为 USU 系统内的农村学生提供远程学习课程。这项研究利用了丰富的资源。用于从多元时间序列（MVTS）表示的太阳活动区域数据进行耀斑预测的图形数据的连通性信息该研究将围绕两个科学问题（1）如何利用磁场参数的时间序列相似性进行预测。 (2) 什么最大程度区分多个耀斑类别的最重要的磁场参数（及其时间序列相似性）是多少？在任务 1 中，团队将把 MVTS 实例转换为参数图，其中节点表示磁场参数，边表示单变量时间将设计新颖的图神经网络（GNN）模型，以在基准 MVTS 数据集上实现更好的耀斑预测性能。在任务 2 中，将从节点级、边缘的参数图中提取特征。水平，以及在任务 3 中，团队将把 MVTS 数据集建模为单个图，其中节点表示 AR 时间段，边表示节点对的 MVTS 相似性。应用社区检测算法来查找磁均匀活动区域时间段，并且基于聚类的特征将用于支持耀斑预测。该奖项是 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的评估进行评估，被认为值得支持影响审查标准。