Collaborative Research: Are Bornean Areas of Endemism the Evolutionary Source of Southeast Asias Remarkable Terrestrial Biodiversity?

合作研究：婆罗洲特有地区是东南亚显着陆地生物多样性的进化源泉吗？

• 批准号: 2244753
• 负责人: Melissa Hawkins
• 金额: $ 82.45万
• 依托单位: Smithsonian Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2244753&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Bornean; Areas; Endemism

Borneo is the largest and oldest island in Southeast Asia. It sits in the middle of a region of high species diversity and is subject to increasing human threats. The biodiversity of Borneo is poorly known, but surveys of the nearby islands of Java and Sumatra have shown these islands to be a complex patchwork of unique habitats and species. This diversity is the result of a complex evolutionary and geological history driven by the periodic fall of sea levels, creating land bridges that enabled dispersal among the islands. This project will address the hypothesis that Borneo was an important source for many of the species that have evolved across the region. Understanding Borneo’s role in driving biodiversity in Southeast Asia is essential to providing clear strategies for conserving one of the planet’s most diverse and threatened islands. An exchange program will provide hands-on training for Indonesian and Malaysian colleagues in museum curation and species identification. Social media campaigns and field blogs will disseminate real-time updates which reach to over 1 million followers. This project will also provide training and mentorship for a diverse pool of graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher.A combination of museum-based genomic analysis with new field-collected samples will provide the foundation to test the hypothesis that Borneo has significantly contributed to the biodiversity in the region via its potential Areas of Endemism, or regions with rich communities of endemic species. Small mammals such as rodents will be used as the exemplar models, though the implications of this project span all floral and faunal groups. Field expeditions at six locations of Northern Borneo will augment the specimens that currently exist in museum collections, providing the sampling necessary to test the presence of seven hypothesized Area of Endemism on the island. All specimens will have hundreds of nuclear genes and complete mitochondrial genomes sequenced in order to generate intraspecific phylogenies with robust sampling across Borneo, enabling statistical analyses that will evaluate genomic patterns of diversity as additional evidence for the proposed Areas of Endemism. In addition to insights into conservation strategies by way of a deeper understanding of Borneo’s evolutionary and biogeographic histories, results from this research will include the likely discovery of new species, taxonomic revisions, and valuable vouchered specimens with high-quality tissues that will be preserved in museum collections.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

婆罗洲是东南亚最大、最古老的岛屿，位于物种多样性丰富的地区中部，人类对婆罗洲的生物多样性知之甚少，但对附近爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛的调查表明。研究表明，这些岛屿是由独特的栖息地和物种组成的复杂拼凑而成，这种多样性是由海平面周期性下降驱动的复杂进化和地质历史的结果，形成了促进岛屿之间扩散的陆桥。假设婆罗洲是了解婆罗洲在推动东南亚生物多样性方面的作用对于为保护地球上最多样化和受威胁的岛屿之一提供明确的战略至关重要。社交媒体活动和实地博客将向印度尼西亚和马来西亚的博物馆管理和物种鉴定同事发布实时更新信息，该项目还将为各类研究生和博士后提供培训和指导。研究人员。基于博物馆的基因组分析与新的实地采集样本相结合，将为检验以下假设奠定基础：婆罗洲通过其潜在的特有区域或拥有丰富特有物种群落的地区对该地区的生物多样性做出了重大贡献尽管该项目的影响涵盖了北婆罗洲六个地点的所有花卉和动物群，但小型哺乳动物（例如啮齿动物）将被用作样本模型，这将增加博物馆收藏中现有的标本，从而提供必要的样本。测试岛上七个首创的特有区域的存在，所有样本都将具有数百个核基因和完整的线粒体基因组测序，以便通过整个婆罗洲的强大采样生成种内系统发育，从而实现评估基因组多样性模式的统计分析。作为拟议特有区域的额外证据，除了通过更深入地了解婆罗洲的进化和生物地理历史来了解保护策略外，这项研究的结果还将包括可能发现的新物种、分类学修订、该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。