The excess gas paradox at volcanoes: does CO2 favor gas accumulation in mafic magmas?

火山中的过量气体悖论：二氧化碳是否有利于镁铁质岩浆中的气体积累？

• 批准号: 2322935
• 负责人: Mattia Pistone
• 金额: $ 44.22万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2322935&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: excess; gas; paradox; volcanoes; does

The forecasting of volcanic eruptions is vital for ~1.1 billion people living near volcanoes worldwide, and remains quite challenging. Volcanologists strive to forecast the likelihood, size, and style of eruptions. Many eruptions emit an excess amount of volcanic gases that is greater than the volume of erupted magma. We do not understand the factors that control the competition between gas retention and release in magmas, which, in turn, influence how volcanoes erupt. This team will seek answers by studying the potential link between the porosity of volcanic rocks erupted during explosive eruptions and the chemistry of volcanic gas emissions monitored via ground-based measurements at Mt Etna (Italy), the largest volcano in Europe. Around 1 million people live within 30 km of the volcanic vents. This project will support a PhD student and an undergraduate student. Research will be shared in publications and in public lectures, university-based websites, social media, and public mass media. This project aims to bridge the gap between the data and analysis collected by volcano observatories and a burgeoning understanding of magma physics, particularly in the context of the key role of volatile gas species in controlling eruption behavior. The project goal is to correlate the amount of pre- to syn-eruptive porosity in magmas during stages of unrest with gas emissions at active volcanoes. The PI plans to resolve the volume disparity between emitted volcanic gas and erupted magma at Mt Etna (Italy), one of the best monitored and studied volcanoes in the world, by testing two hypotheses: 1) CO2 concentration increase in gas favors porosity increase in mafic magmas, and 2) CO2 / SO2 in gas emissions used to determine mafic magma porosity at depth. The project includes three tasks to test the proposed hypotheses: a) a detailed microstructural and geochemical characterization of volcanic samples from representative eruptions of Mt Etna, b) a time-integrated analysis of magma porosity and volcanic parameters such as CO2 / SO2 ratio, and eruption style, intensity, and magnitude at Mt Etna, and c) modelling of H2O, CO2, and S partitioning between silicate melt and exsolved gas phase in mafic magma during pre-eruptive and syneruptive conditions using existing solubility models. The project includes the collaboration with scientists of the Osservatorio Etneo of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in (Italy) and from the DESY synchrotron facility in Hamburg (Germany).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山喷发的预测对于居住在全球火山附近的11亿人来说至关重要，并且仍然很具有挑战性。火山学家努力预测喷发的可能性，大小和风格。许多爆发会散发出大量的火山气体，大于喷发岩浆的数量。我们不了解控制气体保留与岩浆释放之间竞争的因素，这反过来又影响了火山爆发。该团队将通过研究爆炸性爆发期间火山岩的孔隙率与通过欧洲最大火山ETNA（意大利MT ETNA）的火山气体排放的化学之间的潜在联系来寻求答案。大约100万人居住在火山通风口30公里以内。该项目将支持博士生和一名本科生。研究将在出版物，公共讲座，基于大学的网站，社交媒体和公共大众媒体中共享。该项目旨在弥合火山天文台收集的数据和分析之间的差距，并对岩浆物理学的迅速理解，尤其是在挥发性气体物种在控制喷发行为中的关键作用的背景下。项目目标是将动乱阶段的岩浆中的杂质孔隙率与活火山的气体排放相关联。 The PI plans to resolve the volume disparity between emitted volcanic gas and erupted magma at Mt Etna (Italy), one of the best monitored and studied volcanoes in the world, by testing two hypotheses: 1) CO2 concentration increase in gas favors porosity increase in mafic magmas, and 2) CO2 / SO2 in gas emissions used to determine mafic magma porosity at depth. The project includes three tasks to test the proposed hypotheses: a) a detailed microstructural and geochemical characterization of volcanic samples from representative eruptions of Mt Etna, b) a time-integrated analysis of magma porosity and volcanic parameters such as CO2 / SO2 ratio, and eruption style, intensity, and magnitude at Mt Etna, and c) modelling of H2O, CO2, and S partitioning between使用现有的溶解度模型，在发作前和爆发条件下，硅酸岩浆中的硅酸盐熔体和溶解的气相。该项目包括与（意大利）Istituto nazionale di Geofisica e vulcanologia（INGV）的Osservatorio Etneo的科学家的合作，来自汉堡（德国）的DeSy同步设施（德国）。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并反映了综述的经纪人，这是通过评估律师的范围来进行的。