RAPID: Bacterial Population Dynamics and Community Composition during the US Synoptic Arctic Survey

RAPID：美国北极天气观测期间的细菌种群动态和群落组成

• 批准号: 2237847
• 负责人: Jacqueline Grebmeier
• 金额: $ 3.55万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Bacterial; Population; Dynamics; Community

As the Arctic continues to experience rapid environmental change, including increasing water temperatures and declining sea ice extent, researchers have observed ecosystem and biological population shifts in the Pacific Arctic shelves and deeper Arctic Ocean basins. However, the microbial component in the marine ecosystem remains understudied. This project is taking advantage of the 2022 US Synoptic Arctic Survey (SAS) cruise on the USCGC icebreaker Healy, which is studying the current status of the physics, biology, and chemistry across much of the Arctic Ocean. The overall SAS project is establishing a baseline so that future studies of the Arctic will have a basis to understand how the Arctic is changing in the coming decades. This microbial project is evaluating the population distributions of Arctic prokaryotic microbes, their function in the Arctic ecosystem, and their roles in the cycle of carbon in the Arctic. The project is also providing access to genomic sequencing data and isolate collections for undergraduate students in Iceland and Maryland to carry out additional research. The team is participating in a “Science for Citizens” lecture series at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and the Strait Science lecture series that is supported by the Northwest Campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Nome, both of which are available globally online. Both of these science communication forums promote better public understanding of Arctic change. This project will undertake field collections and post-cruise genetic analyses of sediment and macrofauna-associated prokaryotes from the shelf to the Arctic Basin as part of larger SAS efforts. Prokaryotes are an essential biological component for the breakdown of complex biopolymers; cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur; and for making nutrients available to higher trophic levels in the marine ecosystem. The vulnerability of sediment-associated prokaryote populations to shifts in temperature is crucial for mapping future changes in prokaryote population dynamics, carbon cycling, and changes in nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface that influences the marine carbon cycle. This sediment prokaryote analytical work fills a gap in the US contribution to the SAS effort and complements other components, including investigations of sediment and macrofaunal respiration, nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface as well as meiobenthic characterizations. The microbial component is a US contribution to the international SAS program and allows for pan-Arctic comparisons with other microbial studies planned as part of the international SAS program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着北极继续经历快速的环境变化，包括水温升高和海冰范围缩小，研究人员观察到太平洋北极陆架和北冰洋深海盆地的生态系统和生物种群发生变化。然而，海洋生态系统中的微生物组成部分仍未得到充分研究。该项目利用了 2022 年 USCGC 破冰船 Healy 进行的美国综合北极调查 (SAS) 巡航，该巡航正在研究北冰洋大部分地区的物理、生物和化学现状。建立基线，以便为未来的北极研究奠定基础，了解未来几十年北极的变化。该微生物项目正在评估北极原核微生物的种群分布、它们在北极生态系统中的功能以及它们在北极生态系统中的作用。该项目还为冰岛和马里兰州的本科生提供基因组测序数据和分离集合，以开展更多研究。生物实验室马里兰大学环境科学中心和阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校诺姆西北校区支持的海峡科学讲座系列，这两个科学传播论坛均可在全球范围内在线获取。该项目将对从陆架到北极盆地的沉积物和大型动物相关的原核生物进行现场收集和巡航后遗传分析，作为更大规模的 SAS 工作的一部分，原核生物是分解复杂生物聚合物的重要生物成分；碳、氮、磷和硫的循环；以及使营养物质可用于海洋生态系统中的更高营养级。沉积物相关的原核生物种群对温度变化的脆弱性对于绘制原核生物种群动态、碳循环的未来变化至关重要。以及影响海洋碳循环的沉积物-水界面营养物循环的变化。这项沉积物原核生物分析工作填补了美国对 SAS 工作的空白，并补充了其他组成部分，包括沉积物和水的研究。大型动物呼吸、沉积物-水界面的养分交换以及小型底栖动物特征是美国对国际 SAS 计划的贡献，并允许与作为国际 SAS 计划一部分的其他微生物研究进行泛北极比较。授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估反映使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得支持。