Collaborative Research: EAR Climate: Earth-System Responses to the Penultimate Icehouse-Greenhouse Transition

合作研究：EAR 气候：地球系统对倒数第二个冰室-温室转变的反应

• 批准号: 2317597
• 负责人: Jahandar Ramezani
• 金额: $ 17.28万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317597&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; EAR; Climate; Earth

About 300 million years ago, large glaciers and ice sheets at high latitudes waxed and waned as Earth’s climate alternated between glacial and interglacial states, continuing a pattern that had persisted for several millions of years. Shortly thereafter, however, the glaciers collapsed entirely, and the Earth system lurched beyond an ice-free state into an increasingly severe “hothouse” climate, powered in large part by a massive and sustained release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, ultimately culminating in the largest extinction of life known in Earth history. This project will examine a complete record of this dramatic transition by recovering and studying a 2000 m-long rock core from what was, at that time, the equatorial region of the planet, which is now the US midcontinent (Oklahoma). The principal goal is to uncover the driving forces for these extreme environmental changes, shedding light on the fundamental workings of the Earth system (geosphere-atmosphere-biosphere connections) during an interval of unprecedented upheaval. This project involves many students and early-career researchers across twelve US research institutions, in addition to international collaborators, and additionally will engage Native American youth, educators, scientists, artists and poets in Oklahoma and beyond.This project seeks to elucidate paleoenvironments, biogeochemical cycling, and responses of the terrestrial biosphere to climate forcing during the Permian Period, a critical time in the evolution of Earth and life. A drill core will be taken in the Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma), which is a deep continental basin that preserves a globally unique and stratigraphically complete archive of the continental Permian in equatorial Pangaea. A well-preserved paralic-to-continental transition is overlain by a succession of red-bed, paleo-loess/dust, lacustrine, and evaporite deposits that collectively record the demise of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and an intensifying greenhouse climate, culminating in the most severe mass extinction in Earth history. The project will establish a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework by integrating U-Pb geochronology, astrochronology, magnetostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy. The resulting framework will serve as the scaffolding for subsequent research designed to test hypotheses focused on the interrelationships among climatic, orogenic, and biotic changes during an interval characterized by pronounced Earth-system upheavals. This research addresses major questions relevant to both Earth’s past and its future, as it will elucidate various mechanistic linkages, e.g. among atmospheric dust, climate, mountains, and the biosphere on an Earth experiencing a cold-to-hot climate transition. Owing to the known importance but great uncertainty of the role of dust in the Earth system, exploration of these links will measurably expand the knowledge of Earth system behavior across the Phanerozoic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大约3亿年前，高纬度的大型冰川和冰片在冰川和冰川间的气候替代品中逐渐减弱，并逐渐减弱，持续了数百万年的模式。然而，此后不久，冰川完全崩溃了，地球系统从无冰状的状态倾斜到越来越严重的“ hothouse”气候，在很大程度上是由大量且持续的温室气体释放到大气中，最终导致地球历史上最大的生命中最大的繁殖。该项目将通过从当时是地球的等效区域恢复和研究2000 m长的摇滚核心，来研究这种戏剧性转变的完整记录，这是美国中后大陆（俄克拉荷马州）。主要目标是揭示这些极端环境变化的驱动力，从而在前所未有的动荡的间隔内阐明了地球系统的基本工作（地球 - 大气 - 双层连接）。该项目涉及美国十二家研究机构的许多学生和早期研究人员，除国际合作者外，还将与俄克拉荷马州及其他地区的美洲原住民青年，教育工作者，科学家，艺术家，艺术家，艺术家，艺术家和诗人互动。该项目旨在阐明古环境，生物地球化学的循环，持续时间，以在临时的范围内进行临时的培养，并在范围内进行临时培养，并在临时的范围内散布，并在临时的范围内散发出了临时的活动，并在临时的范围内散发出了繁荣的时期，以至于在临时的范围内散发出了繁荣的繁荣，并散发出了临时的繁荣效果。 生活。将在Anadarko盆地（俄克拉荷马州）中采取钻头芯，该盆地是一个深层连续的盆地，可保留在赤道Pangea中连续二叠纪的全球独特且具有地层完整的档案。保存完好的寄生到洲际过渡覆盖了红床，古层/灰尘，灰尘，湖泊和蒸发矿床的成功，这些沉积物共同记录了晚期古生代冰河时代的灭亡以及增强的温室气候，在地球历史上最严重的质量延伸时，迫使人们迫使冰期。该项目将通过整合U-PB地质学，天体人工学，磁化学和生物描记术来建立高分辨率的年度地层学框架。最终的框架将作为后续研究的脚手架，旨在测试集中于气候，造山学和生物学学之间相互关系的假设，在以明显的地球系统上升为特征的间隔中。这项研究解决了与地球过去及其未来有关的主要问题，因为它将阐明各种机械联系，例如在大气中的尘埃，气候，山脉和地球上的生物圈中，经历了寒冷的气候过渡。由于已知的重要性，但对尘埃在地球系统中的作用的极大不确定性，对这些联系的探索将可以衡量地扩大跨phanerozoic的地球系统行为的知识。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来审查审查标准来通过评估来诚实地诚实地支持。