Postdoctoral Fellowship: SPRF: Enabling Access: How Mothers Support Infants’ Emerging Motor Skills to Facilitate Infants’ Exploration of the Environment

博士后奖学金：SPRF：启用访问：母亲如何支持婴儿 — 促进婴儿的新兴运动技能 — 环境探索

• 批准号: 2313856
• 负责人: Joshua Schneider
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: Schneider, Joshua L
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-01 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2313856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; SPRF; Enabling; Access

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Drs. Karen Adolph and Catherine Tamis-LeMonda at New York University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating how mothers support infants’ increasing access to the environment as a function of their developing postural and locomotor skills. Infant learning and development are embedded in a physical and social environment. Indeed, all infant behavior occurs in a physical space that contains objects to explore, caregivers to interact with, and places to go. And although researchers widely agree that access to the environment creates opportunities for exploration and learning, we know little about the social processes that enable infants to expand their environmental access as new motor skills—sitting, standing, crawling, walking—emerge. Of course, infants’ own developing abilities support their independent access to the environment. However, development is not a solo act, as caregivers can structure and help their infants access new features of everyday environments. This study will test the processes that underlie this concept by: (1) assessing caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ abilities to access distant objects or places in the environment (i.e., what caregivers think their infants can do) and (2) characterizing caregivers’ moment-to-moment support behaviors as they help their infants gain access to out-of-reach objects or places. This research will yield novel insights into caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ development (an important, but understudied topic) and a deeper understanding of how caregivers support infants’ motor skills for exploration, learning, and play.The overall goal of this project is to experimentally test the social processes that enable infants to access the environment. In four aims using novel methods and a cross-sectional, age-matched control design, we will test mothers’ beliefs, support behaviors, responsiveness, and support profiles to enable infant access. To do so, we will introduce two novel psychophysical tasks to precisely quantify caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ ability to access the environment. We will test infants’ abilities to access a toy placed at various distances from the infant, and characterize caregiver’s support behaviors as infants attempt to access the object at each distance. To better understand the moment-to-moment nature of caregiver support, we will also examine whether support is responsive to infants’ real-time behaviors as infants attempt to access the toy. Finally, we will identify unique profiles of caregivers’ real-time support behaviors that enable infant access to the environment. For all aims, we will leverage the power of video coding and share all study materials with the broader research community on Databrary.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究金（SPRF）计划的一部分。 SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门以及政府的科学职业以及政府的科学职业准备前景，为前景做准备。 SPRF奖项涉及在既定科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF试图促进科学界各个细分市场的科学家的参与，包括来自代表性不足的群体的研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平。每个博士后研究员都必须解决重要的科学问题，以推进各自的学科领域。在博士的赞助下。纽约大学的Karen Adolph和Catherine Tamis-Lemonda，这项博士后奖学金奖支持一名早期的职业科学家，调查了母亲如何支持婴儿对环境的不断访问，从而促进其发展的姿势和运动技能。婴儿的学习和发展嵌入了身体和社会环境中。实际上，所有婴儿行为都发生在包含探索对象，与护理人员互动的对象和去处的物理空间中。尽管研究人员广泛同意，进入环境会创造探索和学习的机会，但我们对使婴儿能够扩大环境访问的社会过程知之甚少，因为新的运动技能（塞，站立，爬行，步行，步行）。当然，婴儿自己的发展能力支持他们独立进入环境的机会。但是，发展不是一个独奏，因为护理人员可以构建并帮助婴儿访问每天环境的新功能。这项研究将通过以下方式测试基于此概念的过程：（1）评估护理人员对婴儿的能力访问遥远的物体或环境中的能力（即，护理人员认为他们的婴儿可以做什么）和（2）表征护理人员的瞬间支持行为，以帮助他们在帮助婴儿获得访问的本瞬间支持行为或（2）。这项研究将对护理人员对婴儿的发育（一个重要但理解的话题）的信念产生新的见解，并对护理人员如何支持婴儿的运动技能进行探索，学习和游戏的深入了解。该项目的总体目标是在实验中测试使婴儿能够进入环境的社会过程。在使用新颖方法和横截面，年龄匹配的控制设计的四个目标中，我们将测试母亲的信念，支持行为，响应能力和支持概况，以使婴儿进入。为此，我们将介绍两项新颖的心理物理任务，以精确地量化护理人员对婴儿进入环境能力的信念。我们将测试婴儿的能力，可以访问与婴儿不同距离的玩具，并在婴儿试图在每个距离处访问对象时的护理人员的支持行为。为了更好地理解照顾者支持的时刻性质，我们还将研究支持婴儿试图访问玩具时对婴儿的实时行为做出反应。最后，我们将确定护理人员实时支持行为的独特概况，使婴儿能够访问环境。对于所有目标，我们将利用视频编码的力量，并与DataBrary的更广泛的研究社区共享所有研究材料。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估审查标准，认为值得通过评估值得支持。