Postdoctoral Fellowship: SPRF: Enabling Access: How Mothers Support Infants’ Emerging Motor Skills to Facilitate Infants’ Exploration of the Environment

博士后奖学金：SPRF：启用访问：母亲如何支持婴儿 — 促进婴儿的新兴运动技能 — 环境探索

• 批准号: 2313856
• 负责人: Joshua Schneider
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: Schneider, Joshua L
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-01 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2313856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; SPRF; Enabling; Access

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Drs. Karen Adolph and Catherine Tamis-LeMonda at New York University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating how mothers support infants’ increasing access to the environment as a function of their developing postural and locomotor skills. Infant learning and development are embedded in a physical and social environment. Indeed, all infant behavior occurs in a physical space that contains objects to explore, caregivers to interact with, and places to go. And although researchers widely agree that access to the environment creates opportunities for exploration and learning, we know little about the social processes that enable infants to expand their environmental access as new motor skills—sitting, standing, crawling, walking—emerge. Of course, infants’ own developing abilities support their independent access to the environment. However, development is not a solo act, as caregivers can structure and help their infants access new features of everyday environments. This study will test the processes that underlie this concept by: (1) assessing caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ abilities to access distant objects or places in the environment (i.e., what caregivers think their infants can do) and (2) characterizing caregivers’ moment-to-moment support behaviors as they help their infants gain access to out-of-reach objects or places. This research will yield novel insights into caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ development (an important, but understudied topic) and a deeper understanding of how caregivers support infants’ motor skills for exploration, learning, and play.The overall goal of this project is to experimentally test the social processes that enable infants to access the environment. In four aims using novel methods and a cross-sectional, age-matched control design, we will test mothers’ beliefs, support behaviors, responsiveness, and support profiles to enable infant access. To do so, we will introduce two novel psychophysical tasks to precisely quantify caregivers’ beliefs about their infants’ ability to access the environment. We will test infants’ abilities to access a toy placed at various distances from the infant, and characterize caregiver’s support behaviors as infants attempt to access the object at each distance. To better understand the moment-to-moment nature of caregiver support, we will also examine whether support is responsive to infants’ real-time behaviors as infants attempt to access the toy. Finally, we will identify unique profiles of caregivers’ real-time support behaviors that enable infant access to the environment. For all aims, we will leverage the power of video coding and share all study materials with the broader research community on Databrary.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF'SF'SF'SF'SF'SF'CIDEDES SCIENCES博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）HE SPRF计划是为有前途的早期职业学科学家准备学术界，工业或私营部门和政府在其研究计划和活动中，促进科学界的所有细分市场的the派被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平纽约大学的塔米斯·莱蒙达（Caterine Tamis-Lemonda），这项博士后奖学金奖支持了早期的职业科学家，研究了母亲如何支持婴儿的环境，因为它们是出现的，实际上，所有婴儿的行为都出现在物理空间中。要探索，照顾者可以与之互动，并普遍同意对环境的访问机会，可以随着新的运动技能，站立，爬行，步行而扩大环境的机会。环境，发展不是一个独奏，因为护理人员可以帮助婴儿的新特征，以示各种护理人员的信念。婴儿可以这样做）表征护理人员的瞬间支持行为，因为他们的婴儿可以访问外部疾病或位置。对护理人员如何支持婴儿的运动技能和发挥作用的更深入了解。实验测试社会过程的总体目标，使婴儿能够使用新颖的方法和横截面，年龄，以四个目标访问环境 - 匹配的控制设计，我们将测试母亲的信念，响应的ESS和支持概况，以使婴儿访问能够精确地量化护理人员的能力。在每个距离上，作为婴儿作为婴儿的行为，以更好地了解照顾者支持的时刻性质，我们还将研究支持婴儿的实时反应。支持所有目标的环境，我们将利用视频编码的力量，并分享所有材料在数据核心上的更广泛的研究社区。该奖项反映了NSF'Stutututory Mission优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。