SCC-CIVIC-PG Track A: Novel Fuel-Flexible Combustion to Enable Ultra-Clean and Efficient Waste-to-Renewable Energy in Changing Climate

SCC-CIVIC-PG 轨道 A：新型燃料灵活燃烧，在不断变化的气候中实现超清洁、高效的废物转化为可再生能源

• 批准号: 2228311
• 负责人: Lulin Jiang
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Baylor University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2228311&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; CIVIC; PG; Track; Novel

This project aims to simultaneously address the two priorities defined by the City of Waco (Waco) including limited surface area for landfills, and energy demand especially during extreme weather due to global warming. Currently, converting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in landfills to fuels for energy results in very viscous oils that are hard to burn efficiently and cleanly. We propose a process that will operate efficiently and cleanly regardless of the MSW composition with minimal pre- and post-processing to help decrease surface area needed for landfills, provide resilient energy and help combat greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) that contribute to climate change both from combustion and from landfill emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2), other pollutant emissions such as particulate matters, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides from combustion significantly contribute to global warming. Additionally, methane is the second most important GHG with a 20-year global warming potential ~83 times higher than CO2, and organic MSW in landfills is a significant methane emission source. This project will therefore simultaneously decrease GHGs from landfills and recover energy in the waste using the novel waste-to-energy combustor with near-zero emissions for renewable power and heat. Success of this novel concept will therefore decrease local waste treatment burdens and boost energy resilience in a changing climate. The scalability and multi-fuel capability will help satisfy energy needs of underserved groups, and the communities at large under an extreme weather event. This project will develop a multi-fuel pilot combustor that can cleanly convert local MSW to liquid and gaseous fuels and combust them with minimal postprocessing. Challenges to clean and efficient combustion of waste-based fuels addressed here are (1) accommodating variations in fuel composition and properties and (2) efficient and low emission combustion of the highly viscous oils/condensates fuels. Objectives of Stage 1 include (1) preselecting a waste-to-fuels process informed by Waco and (2) demonstrating efficient combustion of waste-fuels generated in (1). The preselection defines the waste-to-fuel path and key parts for the fuel-flexible pilot combustor will be tested on site at the Waco facility in Stage 2. Scaling analysis will also be examined in Stage 2 based on example community profiles in partnership with Waco and Baylor’s School of Social Work. In addition to conventional publications, results will also be disseminated through informal education at Baylor’s Mayborn Museum through the NSF Portal-to-the-Public program, and collaboration with Waco and Mission Waco Urban Reap, and transferred to commercialization through Baylor’s lab-to-market team.This project is in response to the Civic Innovation Challenge program—Track A. Living in a changing climate: pre-disaster action around adaptation, resilience, and mitigation—and is a collaboration between NSF, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Energy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在同时解决韦科市 (Waco) 确定的两个优先事项，包括垃圾填埋场的有限表面积和能源需求，特别是在全球变暖导致的极端天气期间。目前，将垃圾填埋场的城市固体废物 (MSW) 转化为燃料。对于能源产生的非常粘稠的油，很难有效和清洁地燃烧，我们提出了一种无论城市固体废物成分如何，都可以高效、清洁地运行的工艺，只需最少的预处理和后处理，以帮助减少垃圾填埋场所需的表面积，提供弹性。能源并帮助应对燃烧和垃圾填埋场排放导致气候变化的温室气体（GHG），以及燃烧产生的颗粒物、未燃烧碳氢化合物、氮氧化物等其他污染物排放，显着加剧全球变暖。此外，甲烷是第二重要的温室气体，其 20 年全球变暖潜力比二氧化碳高约 83 倍，而垃圾填埋场中的有机城市固体废物是重要的甲烷排放源，因此该项目将同时减少。因此，这种新颖概念的成功将减少当地废物处理负担，并提高气候变化下的能源弹性，利用垃圾填埋场产生的温室气体并利用新型废物能源燃烧器回收废物中的能量，该燃烧器几乎为零排放。可扩展性和多燃料能力将有助于满足服务不足的群体以及极端天气事件下整个社区的能源需求。该项目将开发一种多燃料试点燃烧器，可以将当地城市固体废弃物清洁地转化为液体和气体燃料。这里解决的废物燃料清洁和高效燃烧的挑战是（1）适应燃料成分和特性的变化，以及（2）高粘性油/凝析油燃料的高效和低排放燃烧。第 1 阶段包括 (1) 预选韦科告知的废物转化为燃料的过程，以及 (2) 展示 (1) 中产生的废物燃料的有效燃烧。废物到燃料的路径和燃料灵活的引燃器的关键部件将在第二阶段在韦科设施进行现场测试。规模分析也将在第二阶段根据示例社区概况与韦科和贝勒学院合作进行检查除了传统出版物外，研究结果还将通过贝勒梅博恩博物馆的 NSF 公众门户计划以及与韦科和韦科城市使命的合作进行传播。收获，并通过贝勒的实验室到市场团队转向商业化。该项目是为了响应公民创新挑战计划 - 轨道 A。生活在不断变化的气候中：围绕适应、复原力和缓解的灾前行动 - 并且是NSF、国土安全部和能源部之间的合作。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。