Tracing the spread of European earthworms into North America using molecular markers and field experiments

使用分子标记和田间实验追踪欧洲蚯蚓向北美的传播

基本信息

批准号：
255872480
负责人：
Professor Dr. Nico Eisenhauer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Department of Biological Sciences
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/255872480?language=en
关键词：
Tracing spread European earthworms into

项目摘要

Large parts of North America are devoid of native earthworm species, presumably due to extirpation of the indigenous earthworm fauna during the Wisconsinan Glaciation. European earthworms have been invading North American ecosystems since the arrival of European settlers, and their presence has profound effects on the native flora and fauna by altering soil structure, nutrient cycling, plant growth, and the composition and functions of soil microorganisms and animals. Despite their ecological relevance and their functioning as ecosystem engineers, the importance of human-related dispersal, genetic variability and adaptation of European earthworms in North America is hardly investigated.The proposed project intends to investigate the invasion of European earthworms into North American ecosystems by analyzing intraspecific genetic variability at the continental scale and population genetics at local and regional scales. We focus on two of the most common invasive European earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Lumbricus rubellus, representing ideal organisms to investigate invasion processes as they possess different life-histories, dispersal abilities and feeding strategies. This allows differentiation between genetic patterns caused by anthropogenic use, mobility and tolerance to abiotic factors.The project aims at answering if non-native earthworm populations in North America are genetically diverse due to introduction from many sources or genetically homogenous due to the dominance of few genetic lineages, and intends to identify colonization routes. Further, the importance of ecological factors, such as drought in summer and freezing in winter, as drivers of the genetic constitution of earthworm populations is investigated. The project is separated into three main work packages (WPs). WP1 investigates the genetic diversity and expansion routes of L. terrestris and L. rubellus at the continental scale. WP2 explores the role of recent human mediated dispersal at regional and local scales as well as differences in migration and gene flow between these two ecologically different earthworm species. WP3 investigates the adaptability of L. terrestris to environmental factors using field mesocosms and molecular markers. Earthworms represent a heretofore underappreciated model for answering general questions in invasion biology by combining molecular methods and complementary field experiments.

北美的大部分地区没有天然的earth物种，大概是由于威斯康星州冰河期间的土著earth动物区系消灭。自欧洲定居者到来以来，欧洲earth一直在入侵北美生态系统，并且通过改变土壤结构，养分循环，植物生长以及土壤微生物和动物的组成和功能，它们的存在对本地动植物产生了深远的影响。尽管它们的生态相关性及其作为生态系统工程师的功能，但几乎没有研究北美与人相关的分散，遗传变异和适应欧洲earth的重要性。拟议的项目旨在通过分析欧洲earth虫进入北美生态系统的侵入大陆尺度和局部和区域尺度上种群遗传学的种内遗传变异性。我们专注于两种最常见的欧洲earth物种，lumbricus terrestris和lumbricus rubellus，代表理想的生物体，可以研究入侵过程，因为它们具有不同的生活经验，分散能力和喂养策略。这允许通过人为使用，流动性和对非生物因素的耐受性引起的遗传模式的区别。该项目旨在回答由于许多来源引入或遗传同质的引入，因此北美的非本地earth种群在遗传上是多种多样的。遗传谱系，并打算识别定植途径。此外，研究了生态因素的重要性，例如夏季干旱和冬季冻结，因为研究了earth虫种群遗传构成的驱动因素。该项目分为三个主要的工作包（WPS）。 WP1在大陆尺度研究了甲壳虫和红宝石的遗传多样性和膨胀途径。 WP2探讨了最近的人类介导的区域和局部尺度上的分散以及这两个生态上不同的earth物种之间迁移和基因流的差异。 WP3研究了使用场中孔和分子标记物对陆螺氏乳杆菌对环境因素的适应性。 earth代表了一种迄今为止未经充分的模型，用于通过结合分子方法和互补场实验来回答侵袭生物学中的一般问题。