RAPID: Measuring the distribution and character of sedimentary deposits resulting from Hurricane Ian in Southwest Florida

RAPID：测量佛罗里达州西南部飓风伊恩造成的沉积物的分布和特征

• 批准号: 2308838
• 负责人: Jeffrey Donnelly
• 金额: $ 9.97万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-15 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308838&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Measuring; distribution; character; sedimentary

Tropical cyclones can cause significant change to the coastal zone by eroding and transporting sediments. These sediments can be deposited into coastal sinkholes and offshore blue holes allowing scientists to study long-term hurricane activity. However, it remains poorly understood how sediment transport and deposition can vary due to different storm characteristics. The landfall of Hurricane Ian along the southwest coast of Florida provides an opportunity to study how intense hurricanes move sediments in the coastal zone. Knowing more about storm impacts will help clarify long-term risks associated with hurricanes. This project will study sediment from coastal sinkholes and offshore blue holes in southwest Florida. These data will be used to determine where, how much, and what kind of sediment was deposited from the storm. The results of this study have important implications in terms of coastal response to intense storms. These storms may become more frequent in response to Anthropogenic climate change. More storms may further alter coastal carbon cycling and nutrient flow in marine ecosystems. The Broader Impacts for this project include documenting local flooding patterns and sediment transport pathways that resulted from the storm. This information may be used to identify hazards associated with similar storms in the future. In addition, the project will provide support for an early-career postdoctoral researcher as the lead PI, and students will also participate in the project. Both PIs will work closely with local educators and stakeholders to disseminate the results broadly to the general public.This RAPID response study will examine the geomorphic and sedimentological impacts of the passage of Hurricane Ian on coastal sinkholes and offshore blue holes and the adjacent seafloor. Tropical cyclones can cause significant change to the shorelines and coastal oceans by eroding and transporting sediments. Coastal sinkholes and offshore blue holes can act as natural sediment traps that archive evidence of tropical cyclone sediment transport and have thus been utilized to reconstruct long-term hurricane activity. However, it remains poorly understood how archived deposits vary spatially and how they are expressed in relation to hurricane characteristics (e.g., intensity, translation speed) as relatively few hurricanes have impacted sites with sinkhole reconstructions in recent history. Hurricane Ian presents an exceptional opportunity to assess the sedimentary structure and composition of event deposits in a number of sinkholes and offshore blue holes along the coast most heavily impacted by the storm (Sarasota to Naples). By characterizing recent, minimally reworked or degraded deposits from a hurricane of known characteristics (i.e., intensity, track, translation speed, size), scientists can better constrain how paleo-hurricane deposits are related to local storm intensity. Further, significant offshore particulate organic matter export occurred as a result of Ian based on spatially and temporally constrained plumes captured in satellite imagery. Blue hole sediment records in The Bahamas contain organic rich layers atop coarse sediment beds attributed to hurricane driven transport, but the causality of these organic carbon rich beds has never been directly linked to event deposits in sinkholes and blue holes. Given that the post-Ian organic matter plumes intersect many offshore blue holes and terrestrial sinkholes, this is an ideal place and time to test this hypothesis by assessing transport potential, settling time, and provenance in the wake of hurricanes. The results of this study will improve understanding of hurricane-induced sediment transport, which will provide context for identifying and interpreting event beds deposited in sinkholes and offshore blue holes. This work will also begin to quantify hurricane-induced offshore organic sediment flux and provenance, which has important implications for understanding long-term coastal carbon cycling in coastal areas prone to hurricane strikes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带气旋会通过侵蚀和运输沉积物来引起沿海地区的重大变化。这些沉积物可以沉积在沿海凹坑和近海蓝孔中，使科学家可以研究长期的飓风活动。但是，由于风暴特征的不同，由于不同的风暴特征，沉积物的运输和沉积如何变化仍然很鲜为人知。佛罗里达州西南海岸伊恩飓风的登陆提供了一个机会，可以研究激烈的飓风如何在沿海地区移动沉积物。了解更多有关风暴影响的信息将有助于阐明与飓风相关的长期风险。该项目将研究佛罗里达州西南部沿海污水坑和海上蓝孔的沉积物。这些数据将用于确定暴风雨中沉积的沉积物的位置，多少和种类。这项研究的结果在沿海对激烈风暴的反应方面具有重要意义。这些风暴可能会因人为气候变化而变得更加频繁。更多的风暴可能会进一步改变海洋生态系统中沿海碳循环和营养流。该项目的更广泛的影响包括记录局部洪水模式和沉积物传输途径。这些信息可用于确定将来与类似风暴相关的危害。此外，该项目将为PI-PRES研究人员提供支持，并为学生提供支持，学生还将参与该项目。这两个PI都将与当地的教育者和利益相关者紧密合作，以广泛地将结果传播给公众。这项快速的反应研究将研究飓风伊恩通过飓风伊恩对沿海凹坑和海上蓝孔以及邻近海藻的地貌和沉积学影响。热带气旋可以通过侵蚀和运输沉积物来对海岸线和沿海海洋产生重大变化。沿海污水坑和海上蓝孔可以充当天然沉积物陷阱，这些陷阱存档了热带气旋的沉积物传输的证据，因此已被用于重建长期的飓风活动。然而，由于飓风特征（例如，强度，翻译速度）相对较少的飓风影响了近期历史上的飓风所影响地点，因此尚不清楚存档沉积物的空间变化以及它们如何与飓风特征（例如，强度，翻译速度）相关的表达方式。伊恩飓风提供了一个极好的机会，可以评估许多受风暴（萨拉索塔至那不勒斯）的沿海地区山洞和海上蓝孔中事件沉积物的沉积结构和组成。通过表征来自已知特征的飓风（即强度，轨道，翻译速度，尺寸）的近期，最小化或退化的沉积物，科学家可以更好地限制古脑沉积物与局部风暴强度有关的如何相关。此外，基于在卫星图像中捕获的空间和时间约束羽毛的IAN导致的显着海上颗粒有机物出口。巴哈马中的蓝孔沉积物记录在归因于飓风驱动的运输的粗糙沉积床上包含有机富层，但是这些有机碳含量的床的因果关系从未与污水坑和蓝孔中的事件沉积物直接相关。鉴于后式有机物羽毛与许多离岸蓝孔和地面下沉相交，这是通过评估飓风后的运输潜力，沉降时间和出处来检验这一假设的理想场所和时间。这项研究的结果将提高人们对飓风引起的沉积物运输的理解，这将为识别和解释沉积在污水坑和近海蓝孔中的事件床提供背景。这项工作还将开始量化飓风引起的离岸有机沉积物通量和出处，这对于理解容易发生飓风罢工的沿海地区的长期沿海碳循环具有重要意义。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。