RUI: Hadronic Structure from Spin Observables in pQCD

RUI：pQCD 中自旋可观测值的强子结构

• 批准号: 2308567
• 负责人: Daniel Pitonyak
• 金额: $ 19.36万
• 依托单位: Lebanon Valley College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308567&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Hadronic; Structure; Spin; Observables

The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons, which are a part of a broader category of particles called hadrons. However, these hadrons are not a fundamental form of matter since they are composed of other particles, namely, quarks and gluons (collectively called partons). The partons form a dynamical system inside of hadrons that is governed by the strong nuclear force. A goal of nuclear physics research is to understand this internal structure through the interactions of these partons, the elementary pieces of visible matter. In particular, the analysis of high-energy collisions sensitive to an intrinsic property, called spin, of hadrons and/or partons is especially useful. These observables allow the exploration of the 3-dimensional motion of partons inside of hadrons and how the proton's spin arises from its constituent partons. This research gives better insight into these aspects of hadronic structure as well as supports the science of the future Electron-Ion Collider to be built in the United States. Undergraduate students are included in substantive parts of the project in order to foster the interests of young scientists in this subfield of nuclear physics and train them for future careers in research. This research project furthers our knowledge of observables sensitive to parton intrinsic transverse motion and correlations, which allow for a 3-dimensional imaging of hadrons in momentum space, as well as the origin of the proton's spin. This includes performing Bayesian Monte Carlo global analyses of data from various experiments, including electron-positron, electron-proton, and proton-proton collisions for single-hadron and dihadron finals states, sensitive to the spin of partons and/or hadrons, with a rigorous incorporation of gluon radiation effects. Predictions are also made for future measurements at different experimental facilities. In addition, one needs a robust theoretical formalism in order to interpret experimental data. This project solidifies the framework used in dihadron spin observables through next-to-leading order calculations of some reactions. Lastly, this project develops the machinery to determine how much spin arises from partons that carry a small fraction x of the proton’s momentum, which is a crucial, yet poorly-constrained, piece of how the proton’s spin dynamically arises from its constituent partons.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

原子的核素是由质子和中子组成的，质子和中子是更广泛的颗粒类别的一部分，称为HADRON。但是，这些哈德子不是物质的基本形式，因为它们由其他颗粒组成，即夸克和麸质（统称为零件）。这些部分形成了由强核力量支配的哈德子内部动态系统。核物理学研究的一个目标是通过这些部分的相互作用（可见物质的基本部分）来理解这种内部结构。特别是，对Hadron和/或零件的固有特性敏感的高能碰撞分析特别有用。这些观察结果允许探索Hadron内部部分的三维运动以及质子的旋转是如何源自其构造部分的。这项研究可以更好地了解Hadronic结构的这些方面，并支持在美国建造的未来电子离子对撞机的科学。本科生被包括在项目的实质性部分中，以促进这个核物理学子领域的年轻科学家的利益，并培训他们从事研究的未来职业。该研究项目进一步提高了我们对Parton内在横向运动和相关性敏感的可观察到的知识，从而允许对动量空间中的Hadron进行3维成像，以及Proton旋转的起源。这包括对来自各种实验的数据进行贝叶斯蒙特卡洛全球分析，包括电子铅符号，电子普罗顿和质子 - 普罗顿碰撞，以对单人物和/或二二体总决赛状态，对零件和/或哈德子的旋转敏感，并具有严格的麸质放射效应。还对不同实验设施的未来测量进行了预测。此外，为了解释实验数据，需要一种强大的理论形式。该项目通过对某些反应的临时计算计算，巩固了Dihadron自旋观察中使用的框架。最后，该项目开发了机械，以确定带有质子动量的一小部分X的部分旋转，这是一种至关重要的，但不良约束的质子，质子的旋转是如何动态地产生的。该奖项是由其法定的任务诚实地反映了诚实的，反映了诚实地使用评估者的构成型构成的构成型构成的构成师的知识范围。

项目成果

Updated numerical study of transverse single-spin asymmetries in single-inclusive pion production from lepton-nucleon collisions

轻子-核子碰撞产生单包π介子中横向单自旋不对称性的最新数值研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138606
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Fitzgibbons, Sophia;Malda, Michel;Marsh, Jacob;Pitonyak, Daniel;Smith, Penn
• 通讯作者: Smith, Penn

Number Density Interpretation of Dihadron Fragmentation Functions

双强子碎裂函数的数密度解释

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.011902
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Pitonyak, D.;Cocuzza, C.;Metz, A.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.
• 通讯作者: Sato, N.

First simultaneous global QCD analysis of dihadron fragmentation functions and transversity parton distribution functions

首次同时对双强子碎裂函数和横向部分子分布函数进行全局 QCD 分析

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.109.034024
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Cocuzza, C.;Metz, A.;Pitonyak, D.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.;Seidl, R.
• 通讯作者: Seidl, R.

Transversity Distributions and Tensor Charges of the Nucleon: Extraction from Dihadron Production and Their Universal Nature

核子的横切分布和张量电荷：从双强子产生及其普遍性质中提取

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.091901
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Cocuzza, C.;Metz, A.;Pitonyak, D.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.;Seidl, R.
• 通讯作者: Seidl, R.

Tomography of pions and protons via transverse momentum dependent distributions

通过横向动量相关分布对介子和质子进行断层扫描

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.l091504
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Barry, P. C.;Gamberg, L.;Melnitchouk, W.;Moffat, E.;Pitonyak, D.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.
• 通讯作者: Sato, N.