Collaborative Research: The Emergence of Dusty Starbursts in Cosmic History

合作研究：宇宙历史中尘埃星暴的出现

• 批准号: 2307448
• 负责人: Zhiyuan Ma
• 金额: $ 27.08万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307448&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Emergence; Dusty; Starbursts

Recently, a sizable population of galaxies has been discovered in the early universe (z 6) that are forming stars at a furious rate, i.e., 1,000 solar masses per year. For comparison, large present-day spirals like the Milky Way form 1-2 solar masses of stars each year. Just as surprising is the fact that these objects are heavily obscured by immense amounts of cosmic dust, requiring observations at very long wavelengths for detections. The very existence of massive starburst galaxies and large amounts of dust at z 6 pushes our current theory of early star formation to the limit. This collaborative project will conduct a comprehensive survey of a large sample of candidate dusty starbursts (629 objects in total) using the 50-m Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), now operating at its full capacity, to determine accurate redshifts and positions and define a statistically significant sample of z 6 objects. Deep optical and near-infrared follow-ups will identify optical counterparts and stellar masses/populations. Together, these will place strong constraints on the star formation and metal enrichment history of the early universe. This work will support a postdoc and a graduate student, public outreach activities, and a program to produce scientifically literate journalists.The overall approach is to observe the "500 micron risers" sample of 629 dusty, high-redshift galaxies using the LMT's Redshift Search Receiver. This wide-bandwidth spectrograph is an ideal instrument to measure redshifts for such objects. The team will combine institutional and open-time access to build a spectroscopic sample of ∼50 objects, of which ∼27 objects should be bona fide dusty starbursts at z 6. In addition, the LMT/TolTEC instrument will soon carry out public legacy surveys, which will provide deep, 1–2 mm images that cover a significant portion of their fields. These public data will provide millimeter photometry as well as positions accurate to ~1 arcsecond for ∼160 of the objects, which will allow the team to pinpoint their optical to near- infrared counterparts. In the end, they will have the largest spectroscopic sample and the largest counterpart sample for dusty starbursts at z 6, which they will analyze in a statistical manner. This will help fill in a critical piece that is still missing from the early cosmic star formation and metal enrichment history.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近，在早期的宇宙（Z 6）中发现了大量的星系，它们以愤怒的速度形成恒星，即每年1,000个太阳能量。为了进行比较，当今的大型精神诸如银河系每年1-2个太阳能质量。同样令人惊讶的是，这些物体被大量宇宙灰尘掩盖，需要在很长的波长中进行检测。 Z 6处的大量星状星系和大量尘埃的存在将我们当前的早期恒星形成理论推向了极限。该协作项目将使用50米大型毫米望远镜（LMT）（现在全部运行的50米大型候选尘土飞扬的爆炸案（总共629个物体）进行全面调查，以确定准确的红移和位置并定义Z 6对象的统计重要样本。深度光学和近红外随访将确定光学对应物和恒星群体/种群。这些将对早期宇宙的恒星形成和金属丰富历史施加强大的限制。这项工作将支持博士后和研究生，公共宣传活动，以及一个生产科学识字记者的计划。总体方法是使用LMT的Redshift搜索接收机观察629个Dusty，高红色高速星系的“ 500微米立管”样本。这种宽带宽度光谱仪是测量此类物体红移的理想工具。该团队将结合机构和开放时间的访问，以构建约50个物体的光谱样本，其中约27个物体应在Z 6处构成真正的尘土飞扬的尘土飞扬。此外，LMT/Toltec仪器很快将进行公共遗产调查，该遗产将提供深入的深度，可提供1-2 mm图像，以覆盖其领域的重要部分。这些公共数据将提供约160个物体的毫米光度法以及准确至〜1弧形的位置，这将使团队能够将其光学定位到近红外的对应物。最后，它们将拥有最大的光谱样品，并且是Z 6时尘土飞扬的最大样本样本，他们将以统计的方式进行分析。这将有助于填写一件关键的文章，该文章仍然缺少早期的宇宙之星形成和金属丰富历史。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被视为通过评估来获得支持。