Collaborative Research: From Global to Local: Geochemistry of Global Phosphate Ores and Implications for Tracing the Environmental Impacts of Fertilizers Utilization

合作研究：从全球到地方：全球磷矿石的地球化学以及追踪化肥利用对环境影响的意义

• 批准号: 2305947
• 负责人: Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
• 金额: $ 30.68万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305947&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Global; Local; Geochemistry

Phosphorus (P) is one of the primary macronutrients essential for plant growth and crop production, and thus its availability is important for sustainable agriculture development and food security. Approximately 47 million tons of P-fertilizers are annually generated from phosphate rocks and applied worldwide. Intensification of P-fertilizer utilization over the last few decades has caused widespread eutrophication and degradation of the quality of freshwater resources and coastal areas. Yet elevated levels of metals in phosphate rocks and P-fertilizers such as cadmium, chromium, and uranium pose less recognized but significant potential risks to soil and water quality. Although pollution of soils and water from P-fertilizer applications has been documented in a few case studies, no systematic evaluation on the occurrence of metals in global phosphate ores and the ability to detect their impact in the environment have been conducted. The results of this study will have important and critical information on levels of metals in global phosphate rocks as well as in various fertilizers utilized in the U.S., the long-term impact on soil and water quality in agricultural areas, and the possible risks for rural communities in areas of extensive P-fertilizers utilization.The project will characterize the geochemistry of global phosphate ores and associated P-fertilizers, as well assess the environmental impact of the metals they contain. The project is based on developing novel geochemical methods for tracing the origin of the phosphate rocks and the impact of P-fertilizers in the environment. The objectives of the study are to: (1) generate a systematic chemical dataset of major global phosphate ores, including major and trace elements, rare-earth elements, strontium and lead isotopes, and radionuclides (uranium, radium) for evaluating the origin of the phosphate ores (geological setting, age, diagenetic modification), and the relationships between the geological settings and the occurrence of metals in global phosphate ores; (2) evaluate the differential incorporation of metals from dissolution of phosphate rocks in P-fertilizers and waste byproducts (gypsum); (3) evaluate the potential of using the geochemical and isotope variations as tracers to delineate the impact of P-fertilizers in the environment; and (4) evaluate the environmental impact of P-fertilizers application through laboratory experiments and a field-scale investigation in an agricultural research station in North Carolina, where different rates of P-fertilizers have been applied for several decades. The field study will include systematic monitoring of soils, plants, unsaturated zone, agriculture runoff, shallow groundwater underlying experimental agriculture fields, and regional groundwater in vicinity of extensive agricultural activities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

磷（P）是对植物生长和作物生产至关重要的主要大量营养素之一，因此其可用性对于可持续的农业发展和粮食安全很重要。每年大约有4700万吨的p肥料是由磷酸盐岩石产生的，并在全球范围内应用。在过去的几十年中，P-肥料利用的强化引起了淡水资源和沿海地区质量的广泛富营养化和降解。然而，磷酸盐岩石和p-肥料中的金属水平升高，例如镉，铬和铀含量较低，但对土壤和水质的潜在风险较低，但潜在的潜在风险很大。尽管在一些案例研究中已经记录了对土壤和水的污染，但没有对全球磷酸盐矿石中金属发生的系统评估，并且已经进行了检测其在环境中的影响的能力。 The results of this study will have important and critical information on levels of metals in global phosphate rocks as well as in various fertilizers utilized in the U.S., the long-term impact on soil and water quality in agricultural areas, and the possible risks for rural communities in areas of extensive P-fertilizers utilization.The project will characterize the geochemistry of global phosphate ores and associated P-fertilizers, as well assess the environmental impact of the metals they 包含。该项目基于开发新型的地球化学方法来追踪磷酸盐岩石的起源以及p-肥料在环境中的影响。该研究的目标是：（1）生成全球主要磷酸盐矿石的系统化学数据集，包括主要和微量元素，稀有元素，稀有元素，延伸和铅同位素以及放射性核素（铀，辐射），以评估磷酸盐矿石的起源（冰川环境，年龄，年龄，地球，地球上的关系），以及地理位置的关系，地球，地球上的相关性）矿石（2）评估磷酸盐岩石溶解的金属在p-肥料和废物副产品（石膏）中的差分掺入； （3）评估使用地球化学和同位素变化作为描述P-肥料对环境的影响的潜力； （4）通过实验室实验评估P-肥料应用对环境的影响，并在北卡罗来纳州的农业研究站进行了现场规模的调查，在北卡罗来纳州的农业研究站进行了数十年的p-肥料率。现场研究将包括对土壤，植物，不饱和区域，农业径流，浅层地下水的实验性农业领域和地区的区域地下水的系统监测。该奖项反映了NSF的法规任务，并通过评估基础的智力效果和广阔的范围来评估，并被认为是值得评估的。