Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Assessing the net climate impact of tropical peatland restoration: the role of methane

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：评估热带泥炭地恢复对气候的净影响：甲烷的作用

• 批准号: 2305578
• 负责人: Clarice Perryman
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Perryman, Clarice R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305578&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Assessing; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Assessing

Peatlands are globally important carbon stores, containing double the amount of carbon stored in forests worldwide. Draining peatlands for agriculture and forestry encourages microbial decomposition of peat carbon, releasing this stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). Peatland drainage is particularly widespread in Southeast Asia, where over 90% of peat swamps have been disturbed, resulting in peatland CO2 emissions on par with regional fossil fuel emissions. Blocking drainage canals to raise water levels should reduce CO2 emissions by discouraging microbial decomposition. As such, “peatland rewetting” through canal blocking has been proposed as a low-cost natural climate solution and many countries including Indonesia have committed to rewetting vast areas of degraded peatlands to combat climate change. However, peatland rewetting stands to increase methane (CH4) emissions, as microbes that produce CH4 thrive under water-logged conditions. Increased CH4 emissions may partially offset the climate benefits of peatland rewetting due to the high global warming potential of CH4. Measurements of CO2 and CH4 emissions after rewetting tropical peatlands are extremely scarce, which is a major limitation for policy and planning. This research aims to quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions from rewetted peatlands in Indonesia. Dr. Clarice Perryman will collect new emissions data to assess how future greenhouse gas emissions vary across different tropical peatland rewetting scenarios and identify important variables controlling emissions from rewetted peatlands. The results of this research will help guide peatland management through determining the spatial scale and timing of peatland rewetting that will provide greatest greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Research findings will be broadly disseminated to local communities, partner NGOs, and the research community via public presentations and research publications. Dr. Perryman also aims to promote belonging, accessibility, justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (BAJEDI) in the geosciences through mentoring undergraduate and graduate students on related research in Indonesia and at her host institution. Peatland rewetting is gaining popularity as an effective and low-cost natural climate solution as rewetting stands to reduce high CO2 emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture and logging. Even though rewetting reduces CO2 emissions, increased CH4 emissions post-rewetting can cause rewetted peatlands to remain a net greenhouse gas source with a net positive (warming) radiative forcing for several decades. Despite the great potential and widespread enthusiasm for peatland rewetting, field measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from rewetted peatlands are extremely sparse. This is particularly true for tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia, including those in Indonesia which has recently committed to rewetting vast areas of degraded peatlands to mitigate wildfire risks and CO2 emissions. This research will quantify CH4 and CO2 emissions from rewetted peatlands in Indonesia. Dr. Clarice Perryman will use this new data to upscale emissions from plot to landscape level to assess how future greenhouse gas emissions and net climate impact vary across different tropical peatland rewetting scenarios. The fellow will measure CO2 and CH4 emissions at peatland sites in Indonesia before and after drainage canal blocks are installed to assess emissions at sub-daily to annual timescales. Dr. Perryman will determine abiotic (e.g. hydrology, geochemistry) and biotic (e.g. vegetation, microbial community composition) factors controlling CH4 emissions at the plot scale relevant to upscaling emissions to landscape-level using existing geospatial datasets. Finally, the fellow will apply these new data and process-level insights to assess the net climate impact of tropical peatland rewetting at decadal to century scales. Using a variety of methods, including direct emissions measurements, stable isotope measurements, and microbiome analyses, this research will improve predictions of how microbial systems mediating CH4 cycling will respond to land use change in tropical peatlands. The research will provide critical datasets of CH4 and CO2 emissions and their abiotic and biotic controls from rewetted tropical peatlands. Dr. Perryman will engage in knowledge co-production and transfer with communities and partner NGOs in Indonesia and promote BAJEDI through mentoring undergraduate and graduate students on related research in Indonesia and at her host institution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

泥炭地是全球重要的碳存储，其中包含在全球森林中存储的碳量的两倍。用于农业和林业的泥炭地促进了泥炭碳的微生物分解，将这种储存的碳释放到大气中，作为二氧化碳（CO2）。泥炭地排水量在东南亚尤为广泛，那里有超过90％的泥炭沼泽受到影响，从而导致泥炭地二氧化碳排放量与区域化石燃料的排放相当。阻塞排水管以提高水位，应通过阻止微生物分解来减少二氧化碳排放。因此，已经提出了通过运河阻塞的“泥炭地重新吹牛”作为低成本的自然气候解决方案，包括印度尼西亚在内的许多国家都承诺将大量退化的泥炭地重新开采，以打击气候变化。然而，泥炭地重新润湿以增加甲烷（CH4）的排放，因为在水d的条件下会产生CH4的微生物。由于CH4的全球变暖潜力，CH4排放量的增加可能部分抵消了泥炭地重新吹干的攀爬好处。重新润湿热带山峰之后二氧化碳和CH4排放的测量极为稀缺，这是政策和计划的主要限制。这项研究旨在量化印度尼西亚重新燃烧的山峰地区的CH4和CO2排放。克拉丽斯·佩里曼（Clarice Perryman）博士将收集新的排放数据，以评估未来的温室气体排放如何在不同的热带珍珠重新吹干的情况下变化，并确定控制重新塑造峰值山顶排放的重要变量。这项研究的结果将通过确定将提供最大的温室气体排放量的空间量表和泥炭地重新润湿的时间来指导泥炭地管理。研究结果将通过公开演讲和研究出版物大致传播给当地社区，合作伙伴非政府组织和研究社区。佩里曼（Perryman）博士还旨在通过在印度尼西亚及其东道机构的相关研究方面的心理学习本科生和研究生来促进地球科学中的归属，可及性，公平，多样性和包容性（Bajedi）（Bajedi）。泥炭地的重新湿润正越来越受欢迎，这是一种有效且低成本的自然气候解决方案，随着重新吹释的摊位，以减少因同意和伐木而耗尽的泥炭地的高二氧化碳排放。即使重新润湿会减少二氧化碳的排放，换套后的CH4排放量增加也会导致重新淋湿的泥炭地保持净温室气体源，并具有净正（变暖）辐射的强迫数十年。尽管对泥炭地重新润湿具有很大的潜力和广泛的热情，但重新燃烧的泥炭地的温室气体排放的现场测量非常稀疏。对于东南亚的热带泥炭地，包括印度尼西亚的热带泥炭地尤其如此。这项研究将量化印度尼西亚重新燃烧的山顶的CH4和CO2排放。克拉丽斯·佩里曼（Clarice Perryman）博士将使用这些新数据来高档从情节到景观水平的排放，以评估未来的温室气体排放和净气候影响在不同的热带峰值山地重新鸣叫的情况下如何有所不同。在安装排水管块之前和之后，该研究员将在印度尼西亚的泥炭地遗址测量二氧化碳和CH4排放，以评估在每日至每年的时间表上的排放量。佩里曼博士将确定非生物（例如水文，地球化学）和生物（例如植被，微生物群落组成）的因素，该因素控制着与将现有地球空间数据集提高到景观级别对景观级别相关的地图上的CH4排放。最后，该研究员将应用这些新数据和过程级别的见解来评估在十年降低到世纪量表的热带泥炭地的净气候影响。使用多种方法，包括直接排放测量，稳定的同位素测量和微生物组分析，这项研究将改善对介导CH4循环的微生物系统如何响应热带泥炭地的土地利用变化的预测。这项研究将提供CH4和CO2排放的关键数据集及其来自重新淋发展的热带峰地的非生物和生物对照。佩里曼博士将与印度尼西亚的社区和合作伙伴进行知识共同制作和转移，并通过心理本科和研究生在印度尼西亚和她的主持机构进行促进Bajedi。这奖反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的范围来评估NSF的法定任务，并以评估的方式被认为是宝贵的。