Dimensions: The causes and consequences of leaf trait evolution for hidden life on the phyllosphere: Phylogeny, function, and the genome

维度：叶际隐藏生命的叶子性状进化的原因和后果：系统发育、功能和基因组

• 批准号: 2301659
• 负责人: marjorie weber
• 金额: $ 110.31万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301659&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; causes; consequences; leaf; trait

Plant enemies, such as herbivores that eat leaves, or diseases that invade and destroy plant tissue, are repelled by a suite of leaf traits that have evolved for plant defense. One of the most well-established forms of natural plant defenses are traits that recruit animals to defend the plant against its enemies in return for food and/or shelter. These reward traits can substantially reduce plant damage, but the benefits they confer can vary over different conditions, and some plant species have even evolved to lose reward-traits over time. This research focuses on understanding the dynamics of reward trait evolution using mite domatia (small structures on plant leaves that house beneficial mites). In the right context, mites housed in domatia protect the plant by cleaning the leaf surface of microbial pathogens and small herbivores. Mite domatia appear in ~24% the world's flowering plant families, and are found in many economically important groups, including coffee, cherries, and grapes. Grapes (genus Vitis), are especially interesting, as some species have mite-containing domatia that defend the leaves, while other species, including many of the most economically important grape species, do not. This research leverages the natural variation in domatia seen in wild grape species to understand how plant traits affect leaf communities. The genetic and environmental contexts in which plants successfully use beneficial mite populations to naturally defend themselves against pathogens and herbivores will be identified. The research will lead to a better understand of the interactions among grapes, their herbivores, beneficial arthropods, and the leaf microbiome. Data will be disseminated freely to the public and will have the potential to enhance grape agriculture and breeding, and potentially other important crop species. The project will also train a post-doctoral researcher and graduate student in diverse field and laboratory methods and analyses, and develop tools to better integrate research products in undergraduate biology classes.This project will examine how leaf micro-structure impacts multi-trophic phyllosphere communities within and across Vitis species, and will investigate how phyllosphere dynamics can feedback to impact plant fitness. The presence/absence of domatia and related leaf-trait variation will be linked to abiotic conditions, genetic variation, consequences for leaf microbial and arthropod communities, and plant fitness. The investigators will integrate phylogenetic comparative modeling, niche and range reconstruction, comparative genomics, and large-scale field experiments to understand the historical, ecological, and genetic causes and consequences of leaf domatia trait variation in the diversification of Vitis species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物敌人，例如食用叶子的草食动物，或侵入和破坏植物组织的疾病，被一套为植物防御而发展而来的叶片特征。最有公认的天然植物防御措施之一是招募动物来捍卫植物免受其敌人的特征，以换取食物和/或庇护所。这些奖励性状可以大大减少植物的损害，但是它们所赋予的好处在不同的条件下会有所不同，一些植物物种甚至随着时间的流逝而发展为失去奖励特征。这项研究的重点是使用螨虫（植物叶上的小结构，容纳有益的螨虫）来理解奖励性状进化的动态。在正确的情况下，包含在多米纳氏菌的螨虫通过清洁微生物病原体和小食草动物的叶子表面来保护植物。螨虫的圆顶症出现在世界上开花的植物家庭的约24％中，并且在许多经济重要的群体中发现，包括咖啡，樱桃和葡萄。葡萄（vitis属）特别有趣，因为某些物种具有捍卫叶子的含螨的圆顶，而其他物种（包括许多最经济上重要的葡萄种类）则没有。这项研究利用了野生葡萄种类中看到的圆顶自然变化，以了解植物特征如何影响叶子群落。 植物成功地使用有益的螨虫种群自然保护病原体和食草动物的遗传和环境环境。这项研究将使人们更好地了解葡萄之间的相互作用，它们的草食动物，有益的节肢动物和叶片微生物组。数据将自由传播给公众，并有可能增强葡萄农业和繁殖，并可能是其他重要的农作物物种。该项目还将培训一名博士后研究人员和各种领域和实验室方法和分析的研究生，并开发工具，以更好地整合本科生物学课程中的研究产品。该项目将研究叶片微观结构如何影响多营养植物学社区在烟叶中和跨性别物种内部，并将研究植物圈动力学如何反馈以影响植物健身。 Domatia和相关叶状性变异的存在/不存在将与非生物条件，遗传变异，对叶片微生物和节肢动物群落的后果以及植物适应性有关。研究人员将整合系统发育比较模型，利基和范围重建，比较基因组学和大规模现场实验，以了解叶片奖的多元化叶片性质变化的历史，生态和遗传原因和后果。法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来评估的值得支持的。

项目成果

Evolutionary signatures of a trade-off in direct and indirect defenses across the wild grape genus, Vitis

野生葡萄属葡萄属直接和间接防御权衡的进化特征

• DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad140
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Graham, Carolyn D. K.;Forrestel, Elisabeth J.;Schilmiller, Anthony L.;Zemenick, Ash T.;Weber, Marjorie G.;Kronforst, ed., Marcus;Connallon, ed., Tim
• 通讯作者: Connallon, ed., Tim

Modeling the Evolution of Rates of Continuous Trait Evolution.

• DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac068
• 发表时间: 2023-06-17
• 期刊: Systematic biology
• 影响因子: 6.5