Collaborative Research: IntBio: Defining the mechanisms and consequences of mutualism reorganization in the Anthropocene.

合作研究：IntBio：定义人类世互利共生重组的机制和后果。

• 批准号: 2217354
• 负责人: Nicholas Smith
• 金额: $ 125.3万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2217354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IntBio; Defining; mechanisms

No organism lives in isolation. Instead, life is a web of beneficial and costly interactions among organisms and the environment. Yet little is known about how these connections will shift with global change. By the end of the 21st century, climate change will increase mean annual temperatures and shift precipitation patterns. At the same time, invasive species will cover at least 17% of Earth’s land surface, including most of North America. Plant associations with microorganisms belowground are one of the most widespread mutualisms on the planet. These mutualisms are also particularly sensitive to global change. However, the mechanisms underlying how plant-fungal mutualisms will withstand and adjust to new environments are still unclear. Thus, the key question remains: How will mutualistic partners reorganize and affect mutualism function in the future? Answering this question requires integrative, multi-disciplinary research across scales and systems. This work will create these synergies by tracking organismal, physiological, population, and community responses of native plants and their beneficial and disease-causing fungi to an invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard). The project will have educational impact for a next-generation STEM workforce by providing integrative research and training experiences for undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds. This IntBio project builds on a long-term experiment of exotic plant invasion to address four AIMS. I: Determine long-term patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and pathogenic fungal communities associated with native plant species and how fungal communities are reorganized by invasion. II: Determine how reorganization of plant-AM fungal mutualisms affects plant physiology including carbon fixation and nitrogen uptake. III: Determine the extent to which reorganization of plant-AM fungal mutualisms and/or soil nutrient availability alter plant growth, survival and reproduction. Experimentally addressing these aims will allow IV: Integration of the results from the first three AIMs to scale from mutualism reorganization to plant physiology, to plant population and community demography. The research is integrated across different scales (spatial, temporal, levels of biological organization). It will generate novel insights that will be broadly generalizable to mutualism reorganization that is likely occurring under in other global change scenarios. This research is grounded in “photosynthetic least cost theory.” The overarching prediction is that if belowground mutualism reorganization makes nutrient acquisition more costly for the plant in terms of its carbon use, then significant shifts in plant physiology will be observed. This project will be the first to explore integrative, untested, and potentially transformative ideas surrounding the reorganization of mutualistic interactions in the Anthropocene. This team bridges Texas Tech University, a Hispanic Serving Institution, and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, which serves students from Appalachia. Undergraduate students from Hispanic or Appalachian families share a common web of socio-cultural, financial, and academic barriers related to success in college. The training component aims both to enrich undergraduate students’ experiences through integrative research and to enhance such 1st generation students’ success through financial, mentoring and training support, and opportunities for students and their families.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

没有生物体是孤立存在的。相反，生命是生物体与环境之间有益且代价高昂的相互作用的网络，但人们对这些联系将如何随着全球变化而发生变化知之甚少。与此同时，入侵物种将覆盖地球陆地表面的至少 17%，其中包括北美的大部分地区。植物与地下微生物的联系是地球上最普遍的互利共生关系之一。还然而，植物-真菌互利共生如何承受和适应新环境的机制仍不清楚，因此，关键问题仍然是：互利共生伙伴将如何重组并影响未来的互利共生功能？这项工作将通过跟踪本土植物及其有益和致病真菌对入侵植物 Alliaria 的生物、生理、种群和群落反应来创造这些协同作用。该项目将为来自不同背景的本科生提供综合研究和培训经验，从而对下一代 STEM 劳动力产生教育影响。该 IntBio 项目以外来植物入侵的长期实验为基础，旨在解决四个问题。目的 I：确定与本地植物物种相关的丛枝菌根 (AM) 和病原真菌群落的长期模式，以及真菌群落如何通过入侵进行重组。植物-AM 真菌互利共生的重组影响植物生理学，包括固碳和氮吸收 III：确定植物-AM 真菌互利共生的重组和/或土壤养分可用性在多大程度上改变植物生长、生存和繁殖。 IV：整合前三个 AIM 的结果，从互利共生重组到植物生理学，再到植物种群和群落人口统计学。该研究在不同尺度（空间、时间、生物水平）上进行整合。它将产生新颖的见解，这些见解将广泛推广到其他全球变化情景下可能发生的互利共生重组。这项研究的总体预测是，如果地下互利共生重组能够产生营养。如果植物的碳使用成本更高，那么植物生理学将发生重大变化，该项目将是第一个探索围绕互利重组的综合性、未经测试的和潜在变革性的想法。该团队将德克萨斯理工大学（西班牙裔服务机构）和田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校（为来自阿巴拉契亚或阿巴拉契亚家庭的本科生提供服务）联系起来，共享一个共同的社会文化、经济和社会网络。培训部分旨在通过综合研究丰富本科生的经验，并通过经济、指导和培训支持以及学生及其家庭的机会来提高第一代学生的成功。该奖项通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。