Collaborative Research: Elucidating the Role of Natural Aerosols in Modulating Boundary Layer Clouds and Precipitation in the Southern Ocean

合作研究：阐明天然气溶胶在调节南大洋边界层云和降水中的作用

• 批准号: 2246488
• 负责人: Gerald Mace
• 金额: $ 78.94万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2246488&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Elucidating; Role; Natural

The Southern Ocean is an important region for understanding current and future climate due to a persistent mix of cloud types that affect the Earth’s energy balance. An improved understanding of Southern Ocean clouds relies on better measurements of aerosols, which are small particles that cloud droplets and ice crystals form on. This project will deploy a suite of instrumentation on a series of research vessel cruises conducted by Australian collaborators, and at a location in Antarctica, to measure these aerosols. The impact of the project will be to improve representation of aerosol-cloud interactions and cloud-climate feedbacks over the Southern Ocean, with a view towards improved climate projections. There is a significant outreach component to the work, where the researchers will interact with K-12 classrooms globally through on-line and in person activities. The project also represents strong international collaboration.The research team will conduct an observational and modeling study of the role of natural aerosols in modulating the properties of clouds and precipitation in the Southern Ocean region. The Southern Ocean is one of the least polluted places on Earth and the distance from dust sources means that aerosols are dominated by biogenically derived sulfates, including impacts from marine primary productivity. The sources and abundances of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) remain poorly quantified over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. This project will take advantage of four upcoming voyages on Australian research vessels, and a deployment at Davis Station, Antarctica, to double the volume of existing surface-based measurements to constrain Southern Ocean aerosol and cloud properties. The research team will contribute to the pre-existing observational campaigns by providing additional radiosonde measurements and collecting aerosol, seawater, sea ice, snow, and soil for offline INP and DNA analyses. The researchers will then co-develop process-oriented aerosol and cloud model diagnostics for parameterization testing and development in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The project will result in the following deliverables: 1) Documentation of the latitudinal gradients in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) over the pristine oceans during three seasons derived from ship-based sources, 2) Quantification of the susceptibility of Nd to sources of aerosol types and processes to provide important constraints on the observed Nd, and 3) Documentation of latitudinal and season variability in INPs and precipitation occurrence and phase.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于影响地球能量平衡的云类型的持续结合，南大洋是理解当前和未来气候的重要区域。对南部海洋云的一种改进的了解取决于气溶胶的更好测量，这是云滴和冰晶形成的小颗粒。该项目将在由澳大利亚合作者和南极洲的一个地点进行的一系列研究船上部署一组仪器，以测量这些气溶胶。该项目的影响是改善南大洋对气雾云相互作用和云气候反馈的代表，以期改善气候项目。这项工作有一个重要的外展部分，研究人员将通过在线和人身活动与全球K-12教室进行互动。该项目还代表着强大的国际合作。研究小组将对天然气溶胶在调节南部海洋地区云和降水的特性中的作用进行检查和建模研究。南大洋是地球上污染最少的地方之一，与尘埃源的距离意味着气溶胶以生物源性衍生的硫酸盐为主，包括海洋初级生产力的影响。在南大洋和南极洲，冰 - 无核颗粒（INP）的来源和丰度仍然很差。该项目将利用即将在澳大利亚研究船上进行的四次航行，并在南极洲的戴维斯站进行部署，将现有的基于表面的测量量增加一倍，以限制南方大洋气溶胶和云的特性。研究团队将通过提供其他辐射测量测量并收集气溶胶，海水，海冰，雪和土壤，以进行离线INP和DNA分析，从而为预先存在的观察活动做出贡献。然后，研究人员将在社区地球系统模型（CESM）中共同开发以过程为导向的气溶胶和云模型诊断。该项目将导致以下可交付成果：1）记录云凝结核（CCN）和云滴数量集中度（CCN）和云液滴数量集中（ND）的原始海洋中的三个季节，从基于船舶的来源得出的三个季节，2）量化ND对ND的易感性和季节的易感性，以及在季节中的重要性，以及3季的季节以及3），以及3季度的ND和3）。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准来表示支持。