Collaborative Research: IRES Track 1: Transarctic Connections: Linking Alaskan Students with Finnish Arctic Scientists for Research in the Rapidly Changing Arctic

合作研究：IRES 第 1 轨道：跨北极联系：将阿拉斯加学生与芬兰北极科学家联系起来，研究快速变化的北极

• 批准号: 2246405
• 负责人: Eric Klein
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2246405&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IRES; Track; Transarctic

Quantifying carbon stored in the wetlands of Finnish Lapland and the hydroclimate patterns that control these carbon stocks will help to understand the role of the Arctic in future global climate changes. This IRES project will partner with the University of Oulu and Pallas Field Station to train U.S. students in field-based geoscience methods to determine how shifting climate patterns influence polar wetlands and their fate in the carbon cycle. This project will use cutting edge field, laboratory, and modeling-based methods to better understand rapidly changing environmental conditions in high northern latitudes and to train the next generation of scientists on issues especially relevant to Arctic stakeholders. Four students from Alaska (including Alaska Natives and those from 2-year colleges) will be recruited each year and travel to Finland to learn about science and experience the rapidly changing Arctic beyond what is seen in Alaska (USA). Peatlands are wetlands that accumulate and store carbon-rich organic matter. The fate of this carbon under a warming climate, which is changing hydrological patterns, has important consequences for global climate feedbacks. High northern latitude peatlands store large stocks of carbon, possibly equivalent to around 25% (600 Gt) of the global soil carbon and likely twice that of Earth’s forests. However, current estimates of peatland carbon stocks vary by over 100% (~500-1,000GtC), as estimates are largely based on methods used to assess carbon changes through time, not space. These data likely do not reflect the actual volume of carbon in a peatland due to differences in topography and peat composition. To address this, we will investigate hydroclimate patterns and estimate peatland carbon stocks across basins with a combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR), sediment cores, and water isotope-based climate models. Through this approach, we will test the following research questions: 1) How much carbon is stored in the Pallas area peatlands? 2) What is the spatial and temporal variability of various source water contributions to peatlands? 3) How do different water residence times impact changes in peatland ecohydrology? 4) How does variable shallow-surface hydrology impact the flux of carbon (CO2 or CH4) from these systems? and 5) Does hydrology control peatland depth?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

量化芬兰拉普兰湿地中存储的碳和控制这些碳库存的氢气候模式将有助于了解北极在未来的全球气候变化中的作用。该IRES项目将与Oulu大学和Pallas Field Station合作，培训美国学生采用现场地球科学方法来确定变化的气候模式如何影响极地湿地及其在碳循环中的命运。该项目将使用尖端领域，实验室和基于建模的方法更好地了解高北纬度地区的快速变化的环境条件，并就与北极利益相关者特别相关的问题进行培训。每年将招募来自阿拉斯加的四名学生（包括阿拉斯加原住民和2年大学的学生），并前往芬兰学习科学并体验迅速变化的北极地区，而不是阿拉斯加（美国）所看到的。泥炭地是积聚和存储富含碳的有机物的湿地。在变暖的气候下，这种碳的命运正在改变氢模式，这对全球气候反馈产生了重要的影响。高北纬泥炭地储存了大量碳，可能相当于全球土壤碳的25％（600 gt），可能是地球森林的两倍。但是，当前对泥炭碳股票的估计值在100％以上（〜500-1,000GTC）变化，因为估计很大程度上基于用于评估碳变化的方法，而不是空间。由于地形和泥炭组成的差异，这些数据可能不会反映泥炭地中碳的实际体积。为了解决这个问题，我们将研究氢气候模式，并估算盆地越过泥炭地碳储料，结合了地面穿透性辐射（GPR），沉积物核心和基于水同位素的攀岩模型。通过这种方法，我们将测试以下研究问题：1）帕拉斯地区泥炭地存储了多少碳？ 2）各种源水对泥炭地的空间和临时变异性是什么？ 3）不同的水位停留时间如何影响泥炭地的变化？ 4）可变浅表面水文学如何影响这些系统的碳（CO2或CH4）的通量？ 5）水文学控制泥炭地的深度是否反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估诚实地支持了支持。