The Cheshire cat reloaded: causes and consequences of the evolution of dormancy/quiescence in parasites.

柴郡猫重装上阵：寄生虫休眠/静止进化的原因和后果。

• 批准号: 254587930
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Aurélien Tellier
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Populationsgenetik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/254587930?language=en
• 关键词: Cheshire; cat; reloaded; causes; consequences

Quiescence and dormancy evolve as a bet-hedging evolutionary strategies in many plants, animals, and micro-organisms (including parasites or pathogens) in unpredictable environments. The central hypothesis of the project states that coevolution between hosts and their parasites promotes such conditions. This evolutionary scenario is referred to as the Cheshire Cat hypothesis (for either hosts or parasites). We have previously shown that 1) seed banking and dormancy can evolve in hosts due to coevolutionary dynamics, and 2) depending on the germination function, the seed bank itself can slow down or even damp off the coevolutionary oscillations. As allele frequency oscillations are critical to promote bet-hedging evolution, a complex eco-evolutionary interplay occurs between the evolution of dormancy and coevolutionary dynamics. The goals of this new phase of the project are twofold. First we want to understand and predict the conditions for parasites to evolve dormancy or quiescence as bet-hedging strategies in response to coevolution. Second, we want to develop simulation and statistical inference tools which allow to estimate the parameter of dormancy/quiescence using parasite full genome data. In the first objective, we study the conditions for bet-hedging to evolve under coevolutionary dynamics. Two dormancy models are developed: a short and a very long dormancy. Coevolution is generated within a continuous-time epidemiological model with two host and two parasite types with parasite dormancy/quiescence. We use analytical methods of adaptive dynamics to derive analytical solutions for the ESS of dormancy/quiescence under different conditions and separation of time scales for both dormancy models. In the second objective, we want to develop tools for detecting and estimating the existence of dormancy/quiescence using parasite full genome data. Therefore, forward in time full genome simulators of weak and strong dormancy/quiescence will be developed for sexually or asexually reproducing species. These simulators will be integrated into an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework with Deep Learning (Convolutional Neural Networks) to perform statistical inference of the dormancy/quiescence parameters based on full genome data. In the third objective, we will apply our ABC methods to full genomes of several parasite species for which quiescence/dormancy is biologically suspected but untested: human parasites (Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, Bacillus sp., Mycobacter tuberculosis), the parasites of Daphnia magna, and the powdery mildewof Plantago lanceolata. Our general aim is thus to provide the first understanding of the causes and consequences of the evolution of dormancy or quiescence in parasite species due to coevolution, and to develop a novel population genomic inference method to reveal the existence and estimate the rate of dormancy in sexual and asexual parasite species.

在无法预测的环境中，许多植物，动物和微生物（包括寄生虫或病原体）中，静止和休眠是一种围困的进化策略。该项目的中心假设指出，寄主及其寄生虫之间的共同进化促进了这种情况。这种进化方案称为柴郡猫假说（对于宿主或寄生虫）。我们以前已经表明，1）种子库和休眠可以在宿主中进化，并且2）根据发芽函数，种子库本身可以减慢甚至潮湿的振荡。由于等位基因频率振荡对于促进Bet围场的演化至关重要，因此在休眠和协同进化动力学之间发生复杂的生态进化相互作用。该项目的新阶段的目标是双重的。首先，我们要理解并预测寄生虫将休眠或静止的条件作为响应协同进化的贝特围栏策略。其次，我们希望开发模拟和统计推理工具，以允许使用寄生虫完整的基因组数据来估计休眠/静止的参数。在第一个目标中，我们研究了在协同进化动力学下进行贝特希奇进化的条件。开发了两个休眠模型：短而长的休眠。在具有两种宿主和两种寄生虫类型的连续时间流行病学模型中生成共同进化。我们使用自适应动力学的分析方法来得出两种休眠模型的不同条件下的休眠/静止和时间尺度分离的分析解决方案。在第二个目标中，我们希望开发用于使用寄生虫完整基因组数据检测和估计休眠/静止的工具。因此，将开发出针对性或无性繁殖物种的弱和静止性弱/静止的完整基因组模拟器。这些模拟器将通过深度学习（卷积神经网络）集成到近似的贝叶斯计算（ABC）框架中，以基于完整的基因组数据对休眠/静止参数进行统计推断。在第三个目标中，我们将把ABC方法应用于几种寄生虫物种的完整基因组，静脉/休眠是生物学上怀疑但未经测试的：人类寄生虫（疟原虫，疟原虫，恶性疟原虫，芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌，结核病），mycobobacter tuberculosis），daphnia magnaia panter listage antagia antagia antagia antagia listage antim limmane limmane listag。因此，我们的总体目的是对寄生虫物种在寄生虫物种中的发展原因和后果的首次理解，并开发出一种新型的种群基因组推断方法，以揭示性和无性寄生虫物种的休眠率和估计。