AGS FIRP Track 2: Boundary-layer Evolution and Structure of Tornadoes (BEST)

AGS FIRP Track 2：龙卷风的边界层演化和结构（最佳）

• 批准号: 2242212
• 负责人: Karen Kosiba
• 金额: $ 164.46万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2242212&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AGS; FIRP; Track; Boundary; layer

How strong are the winds in tornadoes? How do they cause damage? What causes some tornadoes to be intense and others weaker? How can we build better to reduce the risks from tornadoes? Observations in and near tornadoes are needed to better answer these questions. But, observations very near the ground, where people live, and inside tornadoes are very rare since they are difficult to predict and even harder to observe. Some, rare, observations show that tornado winds can exceed 300 mph, and that the most intense winds are very near the ground, where they are especially hard to measure. In order to mitigate the hazards posed by tornadoes, it is critical to better understand their basic structure and intensity. The Boundary-layer Evolution and Structure of Tornadoes (BEST) project will address some of these questions, deploying mobile radars, Tornado Pods, and SwarmSonde balloons in and near tornadoes. The goal is to resolve tornado structure, evolution, the intensity of winds, and the temperatures and humidities near tornadoes that likely affect how intense they are. BEST will also examine decades of mobile radar and other data collected in and near tornadoes to better understand how strong, large, and potentially damaging they are.BEST is a multi-focus study of tornado structure and evolution. BEST plans a field phase during which unprecedentedly-fine scale kinematic and thermodynamic data will be collected by proximately-deployed DOW radars, Tornado Pods, and SwarmSonde lagrangian drifter balloons. Dual-DOW baselines of 3-6 km will allow, for the first time, integrated mapping of tornado vector wind structures combined with detailed thermodynamic mapping provided with the densely-deployed Tornado Pods and SwarmSondes. BEST will compare these new data with a unique database of DOW wind measurements over 200 unique tornadoes. Approximately 20 of these include dual-Doppler vector wind resolving data. One includes data from an extremely fortuitous 3 km - baseline dual-DOW deployment near a very large multi-vortex tornado, with dual-Doppler data uniquely resolving the structure and evolution of sub-tornado vortices. A critical aspect of BEST is the combination of single-case study analysis of rare or very fortuitously observed events, with broader statistical analysis of several to over 200 events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

龙卷风中的风有多强？ 它们如何造成伤害？ 是什么导致某些龙卷风强烈而其他龙卷风较弱？ 我们如何建立更好的建造以降低龙卷风的风险？ 需要在龙卷风中及其附近进行观察以更好地回答这些问题。但是，人们非常靠近地面，人们居住的地方和龙卷风内部的观察非常罕见，因为它们难以预测甚至很难观察。 一些罕见的观察结果表明，龙卷风的风能超过300英里 /小时，最强烈的风在地面很近，在那里它们特别难以测量。 为了减轻龙卷风构成的危害，更好地了解其基本结构和强度至关重要。 龙卷风（最佳）项目的边界层的演变和结构将解决其中一些问题，部署移动雷达，龙卷风豆荚和龙卷风附近和附近的散落的气球。 目的是解决龙卷风结构，进化，风的强度以及龙卷风附近的温度和湿度可能会影响它们的强度。 Best还将研究龙卷风和附近收集的数十年的移动雷达和其他数据，以更好地了解它们的强大，大和潜在的破坏性。最重要的是对龙卷风结构和进化的多聚焦研究。 最佳计划一个野外阶段，在此期间，该阶段前所未有的量表运动学和热力学数据将由近距离部署的陶氏雷达，龙卷风豆荚和Swarmsonde Lagrangian漂流者气球收集。 3-6 km的双道基线将首次允许龙卷风矢量风结构的整合映射，并结合详细的热力学图与密集脱落的龙卷风豆荚和羊群。 最佳将将这些新数据与200多个独特的龙卷风超过200种独特的龙卷风测量数据库进行比较。 其中大约有20个包括双多普勒矢量风解析数据。 其中一个包括来自极为偶然的3公里的数据 - 基线双折部部署在非常大的多涡龙卷风附近，并带有双多普勒数据独特地解决了亚tornado涡流的结构和演变。 最佳的一个关键方面是对稀有或非常幸运的事件进行单盘研究分析的结合，对几到200多个事件进行了更广泛的统计分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点评估来支持的，并具有更广泛的影响。