Collaborative Research: Understanding Why Vigilance Declines Over Time

合作研究：了解为什么警惕性随着时间的推移而下降

• 批准号: 2240256
• 负责人: Jason McCarley
• 金额: $ 21.53万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2240256&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Why; Vigilance

Tasks such as baggage screening, military surveillance, and long-haul driving require people to remain focused and attentive over long periods of time. But sustaining attention is difficult and people often start making errors within a half hour or less of starting a monotonous task. This project combines behavioral experiments with statistical modeling in order to determine the kinds of errors people make when the task requires sustained attention and to understand the causes of the errors. Experiments in a high-fidelity driving simulator examine the ways that automated vehicle control affects drivers’ sustained attention. Other behavioral experiments examine factors that reduce people's ability to remain attentive. The project trains graduate and undergraduate students in experimental psychology, cognitive modeling, and human factors engineering. Findings help develop techniques for improving human performance in sustained attention tasks, like providing opportunities for rest and recovery or reducing opportunities for distraction.Monitoring and surveillance tasks are challenging, and operators’ performance drops over the course of 1/2 hour or less. This decline is termed the "vigilance decrement." Despite many years of research and the clear importance of this topic, the processes underlying the vigilance decrement remain the subject of debate. This project uses novel experimental and analytic methods to identify the nature and causes of vigilance failures. The central goal is to isolate the roles of response bias, internal processing noise, and attentional lapses on the vigilance decrement. To do this, the project analyzes psychometric functions, curves that display signal detection rates task as a function of signal intensity, and are described by parameters that directly correspond to bias, noise, and lapse rate. The project examines how the form of the vigilance decrement varies with task characteristics that are believed to influence sustained attention, including task difficulty, mental rest, stimulus information format, and dual-task load. Performance is examined in laboratory tasks and in a simulated driving task. The project delivers empirical data to resolve longstanding debates on the mechanisms of the vigilance decrement, and provides experimental methods and analytic tools to enable future vigilance research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

行李筛查，军事监视和长途驾驶等任务要求人们长期保持专注和专心。但是，保持关注很困难，人们经常在半小时或更短的时间内开始犯错。该项目将行为实验与统计建模相结合，以确定人们在任务需要持续关注并了解错误的原因时犯的错误。高保真驾驶模拟器的实验检查自动化车辆控制的方式会影响驾驶员的持续关注。其他行为实验检查了人们降低人们保持专注能力的因素。该项目培训实验心理学，认知建模和人为因素工程的毕业生和本科生。调查结果有助于开发用于改善持续关注任务的人类绩效的技术，例如为休息和恢复或减少分心的机会提供机会。对监视和监视任务受到挑战，并且在1/2小时或更短的时间内，操作员的绩效下降。这种下降称为“警惕性下降”。尽管研究了多年，并且显然是该主题的重要性，但警惕性下降的过程仍然是辩论的主题。该项目使用新颖的实验和分析方法来识别警惕性失败的性质和原因。中心目标是隔离响应偏差，内部处理噪声的作用以及警惕性降低的注意力失误。为此，该项目分析心理测量功能，显示信号检测率任务作为信号强度的函数的曲线，并用直接对应于偏见，噪声和失误率的参数来描述。该项目考试的警惕性降低的形式如何随着任务特征而变化，这些任务特征被认为会影响持续的关注，包括任务困难，精神休息，刺激信息格式和双任务负载。在实验室任务和模拟驾驶任务中检查性能。该项目提供了经验数据，以解决有关警惕性降低机制的长期辩论，并提供实验方法和分析工具，以实现未来的警惕性研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。