Collaborative Research: Unravelling Stripped Supernovae - Synergy between Observations and Modeling

合作研究：解开剥离超新星——观测与建模之间的协同作用

• 批准号: 2206657
• 负责人: Maryam Modjaz
• 金额: $ 23.91万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2206657&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Unravelling; Stripped; Supernovae

It has long been known that massive stars in the universe die in massive explosions known as supernovae (SNe). Supernovae resulting from the core collapse of massive stars are classified by astronomers in several ways. One type is normal SNe, whose massive progenitors have been stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes, thus known as “stripped supernovae.” Another type is classified as SNe Ic, with or without an accompanying gamma-ray burst (GRB), which emits relativistic jets of high-energy radiation. These explosions can be seen to large cosmological distances and are important for many fields of astrophysics. A research collaboration between the University of Virginia and Michigan State University will address some of the outstanding questions about SNe, such as which massive, stripped stars die in which kinds of deaths, and what is the detailed progenitor makeup for these explosions? The work will involve analyzing data from a large set of stripped SNe, as well as modeling those data and other published data via the open-source radiative transfer software called TARDIS, in combination with use of the machine-learning technology known as emulators for efficiently scanning large sets of parameters. In addition, to increase the number of members of underrepresented groups in STEM, the lead investigators will collaborate with two different programs (one, Girls Exploring the Universe, a summer program for middle school girls in Virginia, and the other at a high school in East Lansing, MI) to involve their students in different research projects that range from contributing to the TARDIS code to using the proposed widget that compares TARDIS simulations to recently observed SN spectra. Evidence suggests that school-age programs incorporating hands-on research, coding activities, and role models tend to increase self-confidence and interest of girls and minorities in STEM careers.The researchers aim to resolve two recent controversies in the SN community, with strong implications for stellar evolution, understanding the conditions needed for jet production, and for the hotly debated SN-GRB progenitor models. A clear understanding of the stellar progenitors and explosion parameters of SN and GRBs is an essential foundation for using them as indicators of star formation over cosmological distances and for assessing them as sources of re-ionizing the Universe. The proposed activities will transform the field of stripped SNe: they will quantify, for the first time, the systematic and statistical uncertainties in modeling these explosions and increase the total number of objects whose spectra have been modeled to at least 185 SNe, which constitutes the largest data set of Stripped SN in the world and allows the field to fully transition from individual objects to population studies. Moreover, the proposed framework will do so in a homogeneous and consistent manner. The proposed rapid and statistically solid theoretical interpretation framework will be made public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们早就知道宇宙中的大质量恒星会死于称为超新星（SNe）的大爆炸，天文学家以多种方式对超新星进行分类，其中一种是普通超新星，其大质量前身是超新星。剥离了氢和氦包层，因此被称为“剥离超新星”。另一种类型被归类为超新星 Ic，带有或不带有伴随的伽马射线爆发（GRB），它会发射相对论性的物质。弗吉尼亚大学和密歇根州立大学之间的研究合作将解决一些关于超新星的突出问题，这些爆炸可以在很远的宇宙学距离上看到，并且对于天体物理学的许多领域都很重要。大量剥离的恒星会死于哪种类型的死亡，这些爆炸的详细前身组成是什么？这项工作将涉及分析大量剥离的超新星数据，并对这些数据和其他已发布的数据进行建模。来源称为 TARDIS 的辐射传输软件，与称为模拟器的机器学习技术相结合，可有效扫描大量参数。此外，为了增加 STEM 中代表性不足群体的成员数量，主要研究人员将与两个不同的团队合作。计划（其中一个是女孩探索宇宙，这是弗吉尼亚州中学生的暑期项目，另一个是密歇根州东兰辛的一所高中），让学生参与不同的研究项目，从为 TARDIS 代码做出贡献到使用拟议的将 TARDIS 模拟与最近观察到的 SN 谱进行比较的小部件 证据表明，结合实践研究、编码活动和榜样的学龄项目往往会提高女孩和少数族裔对 STEM 职业的自信和兴趣。解决了 SN 界最近的两个争议，对恒星演化、了解喷流产生所需的条件以及对激烈争论的 SN-GRB 前身模型具有重要意义。超新星和伽马射线暴的参数是使用它们作为宇宙距离上恒星形成的指标以及评估它们作为宇宙再电离源的重要基础。拟议的活动将改变剥离超新星的领域：它们将量化首次消除了对这些爆炸进行建模时的系统和统计不确定性，并将已建模光谱的物体总数增加到至少 185 SNe，这构成了世界上最大的 Stripped SN 数据集，使该领域能够充分此外，所提出的框架将以同质且一致的方式实现。所提出的快速且技术可靠的理论解释框架将被公开。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得支持。通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf

II 型 SN 2023ixf 早期光曲线中的冲击冷却和可能的前体发射

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace4c4
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin;Farah, Joseph;Shrestha, Manisha;Sand, David J.;Dong 董, Yize 一泽;Brown, Peter J.;Bostroem, K. Azalee;Valenti, Stefano;Jha, Saurabh W.;Andrews, Jennifer E.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

The Diverse Properties of Type Icn Supernovae Point to Multiple Progenitor Channels

Icn 型超新星的多种特性指向多个祖细胞通道

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8ff6
• 发表时间: 2022-05-16
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Pellegrino;D. Howell;G. Terreran;I. Arcavi;K. Bostroem;P. Brown;J. Burke;Y. Dong;A. Gil
• 通讯作者: A. Gil

SN 2020bio: A Double-peaked, H-poor Type IIb Supernova with Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction

SN 2020bio：一颗双峰、贫氢 IIb 型超新星，具有星周相互作用的证据

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace595
• 发表时间: 2023-01-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Pellegrino;D. Hiramatsu;I. Arcavi;D. Howell;K. Bostroem;P. J. Brown;J. Burke;N. Elias;K. Itagaki;H. Kaneda;C. McCully;M. Modjaz;E. P. Gonzalez;T. Pritchard;N. Yesmin
• 通讯作者: N. Yesmin

Peculiar Spectral Evolution of the Type I Supernova 2019eix: A Possible Double Detonation from a Helium Shell on a Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf

I 型超新星 2019eix 的奇特光谱演化：次钱德拉塞卡质量白矮星上的氦壳可能发生双重爆炸

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acdd6a
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Padilla Gonzalez, E.;Howell, D. Andrew;Burke, J.;Dong 董, Yize 一泽;Hiramatsu, D.;McCully, C.;Pellegrino, C.;Kerzendorf, W.;Modjaz, M.;Terreran, G.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

SN 2019ewu: A Peculiar Supernova with Early Strong Carbon and Weak Oxygen Features from a New Sample of Young SN Ic Spectra

SN 2019ewu：年轻 SN Ic 光谱新样本中具有早期强碳和弱氧特征的奇特超新星

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb549
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: Williamson, Marc;Vogl, Christian;Modjaz, Maryam;Kerzendorf, Wolfgang;Singhal, Jaladh;Boland, Teresa;Burke, Jamison;Chen, Zhihao;Hiramatsu, Daichi;Galbany, Lluís;et al
• 通讯作者: et al