Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust Events across the United States over Twenty (20) Years, Insight into Their Meteorological Causes and Conditions

二十 (20) 年来美国沙尘事件的时空分布，深入了解其气象原因和条件

• 批准号: 2235913
• 负责人: Karin Ardon-Dryer
• 金额: $ 48万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2235913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatial; Temporal; Distribution; Dust; Events

Dust events, which impact millions across the US, are an important and complex constituent of the atmospheric system and are one of the main natural contributors to atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM). Atmospheric dust particles affect the climate, economy, and environment, as well as human well-being and health. There is a major concern regarding dust events, as multiple climate model studies indicate that as climate change progresses, more dust events are expected across the US. Dust events in the US can be of varying intensities (blowing dust vs. dust storm) and types (synoptic vs. convective), but their distributions (spatial, temporal, or type) and impacts across the US are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to better understand dust events, spatial and temporal distributions, the meteorological conditions that initiate them, and those measured during them. The project will include several broader impact activities including the recruitment of undergraduates and graduate students with a focus on recruitment of students from underrepresented minorities groups, hands-on activity for undergraduate students, general public lectures as part of the Texas Tech Climate Center, as well as sharing the information and database retrieved from this project with the scientific community as part of the Dust Alliance for North America (DANA) community.The project will create the first national wide dust event database that will include blowing dust events as well as dust storms that occur across the US for the last 20 years. Identification of dust events will be made using meteorological stations spread across the US. Different tools (including changes in PM, satellite images, IMPROVE, AERONET, etc.) will be used to confirm these dust events. Using multiple tools including weather pressure maps, satellite images, and radar images, each dust event will be identified for the meteorological conditions that caused it. Comparison between the meteorological measurements and conditions during and those that initiate dust events as well as changes in larger climatology scales including drought and climatological indices will advance our fundamental knowledge of dust events by providing a detailed view of their spatial and temporal changes, the common types, and the meteorological conditions that cause them. The database created from this project could improve the understanding of the potential impact of dust events on climate (e.g., radiation, cloud microphysics, and precipitation processes) and impact on air quality and human health. It could also be used for better prediction methods and may serve as the basis for a national alert dust system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

影响整个美国数百万的尘埃事件是大气系统的重要且复杂的组成部分，并且是大气颗粒物（PM）的主要自然贡献者之一。大气灰尘颗粒会影响气候，经济和环境以及人类的福祉和健康。关于灰尘事件的主要关注点，因为多个气候模型研究表明，随着气候变化的进展，美国预计会有更多的灰尘事件。美国的尘埃事件可能具有不同的强度（吹尘与沙尘暴）和类型（天气与对流），但是它们的分布（空间，时间或类型），并且整个美国的影响尚不清楚。因此，有必要更好地了解灰尘事件，空间和时间分布，启动它们的气象条件以及在它们期间测量的气象条件。该项目将包括几项更广泛的影响活动，包括招募本科生和研究生，重点是招募来自代表性不足的少数群体的学生，为本科生的动手活动，作为Texas技术气候中心的一部分，公共公共讲座的一部分，以及与该项目的一部分，与北方的信息相关的一部分（诺斯群岛）的一员（数据库将包括吹尘事件以及过去20年中整个美国发生的沙尘暴。尘埃事件的识别将使用遍布美国的气象站进行。将使用不同的工具（包括PM的更改，卫星图像，改进，Aeronet等）来确认这些灰尘事件。使用多个工具，包括天气压力图，卫星图像和雷达图像，将针对导致它的气象条件进行确定的每个灰尘事件。在包括干旱和气候指数在内的较大气候量表中的气象测量和条件之间的比较，以及较大气候量表的变化，将通过提供对它们的空间和时间变化，常见类型以及导致它们的气象条件的详细观察，从而提高我们对灰尘事件的基本知识。由该项目创建的数据库可以提高人们对灰尘事件对气候（例如辐射，云微物理学和降水过程）的潜在影响的理解，并对空气质量和人类健康的影响。它也可以用于更好的预测方法，并可以作为国家警报尘埃系统的基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估值得支持的。