Doctoral Dissertation Research: Evolutionary mismatch and variation in physical activity and function

博士论文研究：身体活动和功能的进化失配和变异

• 批准号: 2235529
• 负责人: Daniel Lieberman
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-15 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2235529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Evolutionary; mismatch; Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Evolutionary; mismatch

Humans evolved to be moderately physically active, walking longer distances daily than many are currently used to, often while carrying things, and engaging in many other subsistence-related tasks that involve bodily movement. Regular physical activity (PA) is such an important part of the human environment that its prolonged absence increases the risk for numerous diseases and conditions including lower back pain (LBP), the most common musculoskeletal condition in the world. Although many factors contribute, the strongest predictor of LBP is the endurance of trunk muscles. The endurance of trunk muscles and spine loading depend largely on how much and what types of PA a person routinely engages in. To better understand how PA affects the trunk and spine function, this Doctoral Dissertation Research project studies people engaging in high levels of PA such as walking long distances each day and consistently engaging in manual labor, often while carrying water, food, and infants, compared to people with more sedentary daily activity levels. The project provides research training and collaboration opportunities for local community members and researchers. The primary hypothesis tested by this project is that reduced PA generates low levels of trunk muscle activity and spinal loading which are associated with low trunk muscle endurance. To test this hypothesis, novel wearable sensors that measure bodily movement and back muscle activity are combined with computer-based musculoskeletal modeling to compare spinal loading and back muscle activation levels between rural (high-activity) and urban (low-activity) populations to assess whether differences in spinal loading and back muscle activation levels are associated with trunk muscle endurance. The project also uses wearable sensors to test how trunk muscle endurance affects two spine functions hypothesized to be associated with LBP: modulation of spine stiffness during walking and the distribution of compression and shear forces generated in the spine during walking. By making use of a research design where two populations with different PA profiles live in geographic proximity, this project addresses why and how engaging in PAs at different levels may help our bodies, and specifically our backs and spines, function better and stay LBP-free. Ultimately the results of this research can contribute to our understanding of how our modern activity levels may be a mismatch for the levels of activity experienced throughout human evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类演变成中等程度的体育活动，每天走更长的距离比当前曾经曾经曾经携带的东西，并从事许多其他涉及身体运动的任务。定期体育锻炼（PA）是人类环境的重要组成部分，其长时间的缺勤增加了许多疾病和状况，包括下背部疼痛（LBP），这是世界上最常见的肌肉骨骼状况。尽管许多因素造成了许多因素，但LBP的最强预测指标是树干肌肉的耐力。躯干肌肉和脊柱负荷的耐力在很大程度上取决于一个人经常参与的pa含量和哪种类型。为了更好地理解PA如何影响PA如何影响躯干和脊柱功能，这项博士学位论文研究项目的研究人员研究人员从事高水平的PA，例如每天延长远距离，每天都在人工劳动，经常在每天携带水平的水平，而携带水平的水平，而富于水平，相比之下。该项目为当地社区成员和研究人员提供了研究培训和协作机会。 该项目检验的主要假设是，减少的PA会产生较低水平的躯干肌肉活动和脊柱负荷，这与较低的躯干肌肉耐力有关。为了检验这一假设，测量身体运动和背部肌肉活动的新型可穿戴传感器与基于计算机的肌肉骨骼建模相结合，以比较农村（高活动性）和城市（低活动性）种群之间的脊柱负荷和背部肌肉激活水平，以评估脊柱负荷和背部肌肉激活水平的差异是否与肌肉耐力相关。该项目还使用可穿戴传感器来测试躯干肌肉耐力如何影响两个与LBP相关的脊柱功能：步行过程中脊柱刚度的调节以及行走过程中脊柱产生的压缩力和剪切力的分布。通过使用研究设计，其中两个具有不同PA概况的人群生活在地理邻近中，该项目解决了为什么以及如何在不同级别参与PAS可以帮助我们的身体，尤其是我们的背部和棘突，功能更好，并保持LBP不含LBP。最终，这项研究的结果可能有助于我们理解现代活动水平如何使整个人类进化的活动水平不匹配。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来评估值得支持的。