Collaborative Research: Multi-scale Geodetic Monitoring at Axial Seamount

合作研究：轴向海山多尺度大地测量监测

• 批准号: 2226445
• 负责人: Scott Nooner
• 金额: $ 25.06万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Wilmington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2226445&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; scale; Geodetic

This project continues long-term research and monitoring of the most active submarine volcano in the NE Pacific named Axial Seamount. It is located about 300 miles off the coast of Oregon and represents an excellent site to study how volcanoes work because it erupts frequently, has numerous monitoring instruments, and has repetitive behavior. This research will improve understanding of how magma (molten rock) is stored in the shallow crust at volcanoes, how it is delivered to the surface, how eruptions are triggered, and how eruptions can be successfully forecast. Scientists will use pressure sensors and underwater vehicles to measure movements of the seafloor at Axial Seamount. These movements take place as the volcano gradually inflates with magma between eruptions, like a balloon, and then rapidly deflates during eruptions. The seafloor moves up and down as much as 8-12 feet during these cycles. When the volcano is fully inflated it is ready to erupt again. Scientists have observed that Axial Seamount inflates to a similar level before each eruption, which has enabled two previous eruptions to be successfully forecast months in advance. Therefore, this research has broad implications for reducing hazards at volcanoes around the world. This work will improve eruption forecasting at all volcanoes, including those on land. Axial Seamount erupted in 1998, 2011, and most recently in April 2015 and is more than 90% re-inflated in 2022, so is building toward another eruption. It is an ideal natural laboratory for the long-term study of active processes at a submarine volcano in a mid-ocean ridge setting. Long-term research and monitoring at Axial have built a remarkable time-series of bottom pressure observations that have revealed a repeated cycle of inflation and deflation that has been used to forecast eruptions with increasing accuracy. The 2015 eruption was the first captured in real time by the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Regional Cabled Array (RCA) and the network of sensors revealed the inner workings of the volcano in unprecedented detail. Nevertheless, understanding is improved with every eruption and novel techniques are revealing new and surprising phenomena that were previously unknown. An example of this derives from the use of repeated high-resolution bathymetric mapping using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that show that the deformation field extends over the entire summit caldera and beyond. The new AUV data are complementary to the pressure measurements in that the AUV surveys are spatially continuous and laterally extensive, whereas the pressure measurements are temporally continuous but are spatially limited. During this project, scientists will continue the pressure measurements and further develop the AUV repeat bathymetry technique using Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) during fieldwork in 2024, 2026, and 2028. The two datasets will be a powerful combination for advancing deformation modeling of the subsurface magmatic system at Axial Seamount.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目继续对NE Pacific最活跃的海底火山进行长期研究和监测，名为Axial Seamount。 它位于距俄勒冈州海岸约300英里的位置，代表了研究火山如何工作的绝佳地点，因为它经常爆发，具有许多监测仪器并具有重复性的行为。这项研究将提高人们对岩浆（熔岩）如何存储在火山的浅层地壳中，如何将其传递到表面，如何触发喷发以及如何成功预测喷发中的理解。 科学家将使用压力传感器和水下车辆来测量轴向海拔处海底的运动。这些运动发生在火山在喷发（例如气球）之间逐渐膨胀的岩浆，然后在喷发过程中迅速放气。在这些周期中，海底在高达8-12英尺的地方移动。当火山完全膨胀时，它准备再次爆发。科学家们观察到，轴向海山在每次喷发之前都膨胀到相似的水平，这使得先前的两次喷发可以提前几个月成功预测。因此，这项研究对减少世界各地火山的危害具有广泛的影响。这项工作将改善所有火山的喷发预测，包括陆地上的火山。 Axial Seamount于1998年，2011年和2015年4月爆发，在2022年重新充实了90％以上，因此朝着另一次喷发爆发。 它是在海底山脊环境中长期研究主动过程的理想天然实验室。 轴向的长期研究和监测已经建立了底压的显着时间序列，这些时间序列揭示了通货膨胀和放气的重复循环，该循环已用于预测，准确性提高。 2015年的喷发是海洋天文台倡议（OOI）区域有线阵列（RCA）实时捕获的第一次喷发，传感器网络揭示了火山的内部连接，以前所未有的细节。然而，随着每一次喷发和新颖的技术，理解得到了改善，这揭示了以前未知的新现象。 一个例子是使用使用自动水下车辆（AUV）的重复高分辨率测深图映射的一个例子，这些映射表明变形场延伸到整个峰会火山口及其他地区。 新的AUV数据与压力测量值是互补的，因为AUV调查在空间上是连续的且横向广泛的，而压力测量在时间上是连续的，但在空间上受到限制。在该项目期间，科学家将继续进行压力测量，并在2024年，2026年和2028年的现场工作期间使用地形相对导航（TRN）进一步开发AUV重复的测深技术。这两个数据集将是一个有力的组合，用于通过轴向seamount的地下磁带的质量进行了反映，并反映了NSF的代表，并以nsf的代表进行了反映，并促进了nsf的质量。智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。