Collaborative Research: BoCP-Design: US-China: Functional divergence between females and males: consequences of climate-induced shifts in composition of dioecious plant population

合作研究：BoCP-设计：中美：雌性和雄性之间的功能差异：气候引起的雌雄异株植物种群组成变化的后果

• 批准号: 2225031
• 负责人: Ashley Keiser
• 金额: $ 5.71万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2225031&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BoCP; Design; US

Most animals and many plants have separate biological sexes: individuals can be either female or male. In addition to their distinct body plans, females and males often differ ecologically. They may have different dietary needs, different vulnerability to predators, or different responses to climate stress. As the Earth’s climate rapidly changes, scientists predict that females and males will differ in their ability to cope, and this may cause an over-abundance of one sex and a shortage of the other. In this project, the research team will test how climate change will affect the sex ratio of dominant trees and shrubs, and whether changes in sex ratio can influence biodiversity of the community and nutrient cycling through the ecosystem. The project brings together American and Chinese scientists to compare whether these responses to climate change play out similarly in North America and Asia. Many important food and landscaping plants have separate sexes (spinach, pistachio, holly, and willow, for example), so this research will help scientists predict how these and similar plant species will respond to future climate change. In addition, students will be trained via a distributed, five-institution graduate seminar, as well as research experiences for undergraduate and high school students. Functional divergence of the sexes raises the potential for climate change to perturb population sex ratios through contrasting effects on females and males. Little is known about the consequences of sex ratio shifts for populations, communities, and ecosystems. The binational team will develop the foundations needed to understand and forecast the direction and magnitude of changes in sex ratio under global climate change, and to test the cascading effects of climate-induced sex ratio shifts on population viability, host-associated biodiversity, and ecosystem function. The team will develop a comparative system of woody dioecious plants in Sichuan Province, China and Texas, US. Like many dioecious plants, these habitat-forming woody species support diverse micro- and macro-biota that affect ecosystem-level fluxes of carbon and nitrogen. This Design project will bring together the research team for workshops in the US and China to develop theory for the ecological consequences of sex ratio sensitivity to climate change, and to develop the methods and modeling approaches required to test its predictions. The project will support development of molecular markers to identify the sex of non-flowering individuals, DNA barcoding technologies to characterize host-associated communities, and assays of sex-specific soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Dioecy is among the most common forms of demographic structure and climate change is expected to alter female:male sex ratios. This project is among the first to evaluate how functional divergence of the sexes and climate-induced changes in sex ratio lead to cascading effects across scales of organization.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大多数动物和许多植物具有分开的生物学性别：个体可以是女性或男性。除了他们独特的身体计划外，女性和雄性在生态上也经常不同。他们可能有不同的饮食需求，对捕食者的不同脆弱性或对气候压力的不同反应。随着地球气候的迅速变化，科学家预测，女性和男性应对能力会有所不同，这可能会导致一种性别过度，而另一种性别短缺。在这个项目中，研究团队将测试气候变化将如何影响主要树木和灌木的性别比，以及性别比的变化是否会影响社区的生物多样性以及通过生态系统的营养循环。该项目汇集了美国和中国科学家，以比较北美和亚洲的这些对气候变化的反应是否相似。许多重要的食物和美化植物具有分开的性别（例如，菠菜，开心果，冬青树），因此这项研究将帮助科学家预测这些和类似植物物种将如何应对未来的气候变化。此外，将通过分布式的五机构研究生精神培训学生，并为本科和高中生的研究经验进行培训。性别的功能差异通过对女性和男性的对比影响来提高气候变化与扰动种群性别比的潜力。关于性别比变化对人群，社区和生态系统的后果知之甚少。二元团队将开发理解和预测全球气候变化下性别比变化的方向和幅度所需的基础，并测试气候诱导的性别比变化对人口生存能力，宿主相关的生物多样性和生态系统功能的级联影响。该团队将在美国四川省和美国得克萨斯州的四川省开发一个比较植物的木质植物系统。像许多院子一样，这些形成栖息地的木质物种支持潜水员的微生物和宏观生物，影响碳和氮的生态系统水平通量。该设计项目将汇集到美国和中国的研讨会研究团队，以开发有关性别比敏感对气候变化的生态后果的理论，并开发测试其预测所需的方法和建模方法。项目将支持分子标记的开发，以识别非开花个体的性别，DNA条形码技术以表征与宿主相关的社区的表征以及性别特异性土壤碳和氮动力学的测定。二核管是人口结构的最常见形式之一，气候变化有望改变女性：男性性别比例。该项目是最早评估性别的功能差异和气候引起的性别比变化如何导致跨组织范围的级联效应的项目之一。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来诚实地通过评估来诚实地支持。