NSFDEB-NERC: Testing effects of resources and competitors at multiple spatial and temporal scales in multiple populations

NSFDEB-NERC：在多个人群的多个空间和时间尺度上测试资源和竞争对手的影响

• 批准号: 2221826
• 负责人: Scott Creel
• 金额: $ 49.65万
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2221826&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSFDEB; NERC; Testing; effects; resources

Almost all species are affected by competition with other species. In most cases, one species (the subordinate competitor) is more affected than the other (the dominant competitor), and competition can limit the population size or even cause local extinction of subordinate species. This happens in two ways. Most obviously, there are direct interactions such as the dominant competitor stealing food from the subordinate. Less obviously, there are costs to subordinates of avoiding direct interactions, for example, by moving away from an area with abundant food but where the dominant competitor is likely to be encountered. This research will use cutting edge technology to test how direct and indirect effects of competition affect the movements, energy gain and loss, survival, and reproduction of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in areas with high and low numbers of their dominant competitor, the lion (Panthera leo), and with high and low numbers of prey. Because prey populations are declining in many areas of the world, understanding how changes in prey abundance alter the effect of competition is essential for conservation and management.It is widely recognized that prey populations can be limited not only by direct predation, but also by the costs of avoiding predation (‘risk effects’). Logic suggests that risk effects might also exist in competitive interactions. This project will test whether the avoidance of risk carries energetic costs that translate into effects on survival, reproduction, population dynamics, and gene flow in a subordinate competitor, the African wild dog. The project will incorporate new methods into long-term studies of African wild dog, lion, and prey populations in three ecosystems. Specifically, direct observation of wild dogs will be coupled to data from GPS collars, high frequency triaxial accelerometers, and magnetic field intensity sensors to obtain very fine-scaled data on movement, dynamic body acceleration, energy expenditure, and energy gain for wild dogs hunting in areas with known densities and distributions of lions and prey. Triaxial accelerometers will provide detailed and precise measurements of vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA) and energy expenditure at time scales ranging from seconds to days or months. GPS collars will provide inferences on space use and movement from dynamic Brownian bridge movement models (dBBMMs) at time scales from hours to years. dBBMMs or other movement models fit to trajectories derived from a combination of VeDBA, magnetic field intensity, and GPS locations will test for effects on movement down to the scale of seconds. Direct observation of the same individuals in continuous three-day ‘follows’ will provide spatiotemporally matched data on encounters with prey, hunts, and kills to quantify energy gain at time scales from hours to years, and will provide critical context for the interpretation of other data. By pairing these data with intensive, long-term monitoring of known individuals, relationships with survival, reproduction, and population dynamics can be tested using a Bayesian integrated population model, and effects on gene flow understood by using a SNP chip already developed and validated. Data for a range of ecological conditions will be collected through replication of the study across three ecosystems with well-measured variation in the densities of competitors and prey. This research is co-funded in part by the Behavioral Systems Cluster in the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems.This project is jointly funded between the Division of Environmental Biology and the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (BIO).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

几乎所有物种都受到与其他物种竞争的影响。在大多数情况下，一种物种（下属竞争者）比另一个物种（主要的竞争者）更受影响，并且竞争可能会限制人口规模，甚至会导致下属物种的局部扩展。这以两种方式发生。最明显的是，有直接的互动，例如主要的竞争对手从下属窃取食物。不太明显的是，下属避免直接互动的成本，例如，远离拥有丰富食物的区域，但可能会遇到主导竞争者的地方。这项研究将使用尖端技术来测试竞争的直接和间接影响如何影响非洲野狗（Lycaon Pictus）在其主要竞争者狮子（Panthera Leo）以及高和低数量的地区的运动，能量收益和损失，生存和繁殖。由于猎物种群在世界许多地区正在下降，因此了解猎物的变化如何改变竞争的影响对于保护和管理至关重要。它广泛认识到，不仅可以直接捕食，而且还可以避免避免预测（“风险效应”）。逻辑表明，竞争性互动中也可能存在风险影响。该项目将测试避免风险是否会带来对下属竞争者非洲野狗的生存，繁殖，种群动态和基因流的影响的能量成本。该项目将将新方法纳入三个生态系统中非洲野狗，狮子和猎物种群的长期研究。具体而言，直接观察野狗将与来自GP项圈，高频三轴加速度计和磁场强度传感器的数据耦合，以获取有关运动，动态人体加速度，能量消耗以及野生狗狩猎野生犬的野生犬的动态加速度和能量获得的非常精细的数据，该地区的野生犬和狮子量和prey的分布都非常细。三轴加速度计将在时间尺度上提供从几秒钟到几天到几个月不等的时间尺度上的矢量动态加速度（VEDBA）和能量消耗的详细和精确测量。 GPS项圈将在时间尺度上从数小时到几年来从动态的布朗桥运动模型（DBBMMS）中推断出空间使用和移动。 DBMMS或其他运动模型适合于VEDBA，磁场强度和GPS位置的组合得出的轨迹，将测试对运动的影响至秒的尺度。在连续为期三天的“跟随”中直接观察相同个体将在与猎物，狩猎和杀戮的相遇中提供空间临时匹配的数据，以从数小时到几年的时间尺度上量化能量增益，并将为解释其他数据提供关键背景。通过将这些数据与已知个体的密集，长期监控配对，可以使用贝叶斯综合人群模型来测试与生存，繁殖和人群动态的关系，并通过使用已经开发和验证的SNP芯片对基因流量理解的影响。一系列生态条件的数据将通过在竞争者和猎物密度差异的三个生态系统中复制研究来收集。这项研究部分由行为系统集群在整合有机系统的部门中共同资助。该项目是在环境生物学划分和综合有机系统（BIO）的（BIO）之间共同资助的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识优点和广泛影响的评估来评估的值得支持的。

项目成果

Hot or hungry? A tipping point in the effect of prey depletion on African wild dogs

热还是饿？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110043
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Creel, Scott;Becker, Matthew S.;de Merkle, Johnathan Reyes;Goodheart, Ben
• 通讯作者: Goodheart, Ben

The evidence for and urgency of threats to African wild dogs from prey depletion and climate change

猎物枯竭和气候变化对非洲野狗构成威胁的证据和紧迫性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110209
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Creel, Scott;Becker, Matthew S.;de Merkle, Johnathan Reyes;Goodheart, Ben
• 通讯作者: Goodheart, Ben

Effects of de-snaring on the demography and population dynamics of African lions

去诱捕对非洲狮种群统计和种群动态的影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110273
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Banda, Kambwiri;Creel, Scott;Sichande, Mwamba;Mweetwa, Thandiwe;Mwape, Henry;de Merkle, Johnathan Reyes;Bwalya, Lengwe Mwansa;Simpamba, Twakundine;McRobb, Rachel;Becker, Matthew S.
• 通讯作者: Becker, Matthew S.

Habitat shifts in response to predation risk are constrained by competition within a grazing guild

为应对捕食风险而进行的栖息地转变受到放牧行业内竞争的限制

• DOI: 10.3389/fetho.2023.1231780
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ethology
• 作者: Creel, Scott;Becker, Matthew S.;Goodheart, Ben;de Merkle, Johnathan Reyes;Dröge, Egil;M’soka, Jassiel;Rosenblatt, Elias;Mweetwa, Thandiwe;Mwape, Henry;Vinks, Milan A.
• 通讯作者: Vinks, Milan A.