Collaborative Research: FACTs: Forcing of the upper Atmosphere from Coupling of Troposphere during extreme weather Systems

合作研究：事实：极端天气系统期间对流层耦合对高层大气的强迫

• 批准号: 2221765
• 负责人: Morris Cohen
• 金额: $ 21.71万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2221765&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; FACTs; Forcing; upper

Understanding the Earth's atmosphere and its ionized portion, the ionosphere, as an integrated, coupled system remains a great challenge. This system is strongly influenced by various space weather drivers such as solar flares, and this control (from above) is comparatively well explored. In contrast, the continuous influence of meteorological drivers (forcing from below) remains largely unexplored. This project focuses on extreme weather systems or EWS such as tropical storms and hurricanes which serve as an important tropospheric source of atmospheric waves especially gravity waves (GW) which are known to propagate upward and couple the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. The project will employ a wide range of instrumental tools at the Arecibo Observatory (AO) in Puerto Rico and its Remote Optical Facility (ROF) in the island of Culebra to monitor the middle and upper atmosphere response to the EWS traveling towards the Caribbean and the US. It will cover a broad range of altitudes between ~60 km and ~ 450 km and will include radio receivers, a meteor radar, lidars, photometers, all-sky imagers (ASIs), Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), and ionosondes. The proposed work will focus on (1) analysis of the response of the D-region ionosphere (60-90 km in altitude) to EWS activity, (2) investigation of EWS effects on the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), a manifestation of GWs in the F-region ionosphere (above 150 km in altitude), and (3) comparative analysis of the neutral and electron densities during MSTIDs with the aim of distinguishing between current competing theories on their origin. The Remote Optical Facility on the island of Culebra will be transformed into an observatory that will provide important scientific observations and impact the advance of Puerto Rico’s STEM education and culture by making world-class research accessible to students and teachers. A weather station will be installed in Culebra to provide hands-on experience to students and teachers from the Culebra’s sole public school, engaging with underrepresented students. Further, two workshops will be organized for the local Culebra public high school to promote scientific engagement and to accommodate ~40 students and 10 teachers, with invited speakers from AO-affiliated scientists as well as local universities. This project will also support a female scientist (Principal Investigator), a postdoctoral scholar, and graduate and undergraduate students. It will support graduate and undergraduate education in atmospheric sciences and engineering, field deployment of several ground-based instruments, data collection, analysis, and interpretation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

理解地球的大气层及其离子化部分，电离层作为一个综合的耦合系统仍然是一个巨大的挑战。该系统受到各种太空天气驱动因素（例如太阳火焰）的强烈影响，并且（从上方）对此控制进行了很​​好的探索。相比之下，气象驱动因素的持续影响（从下方强迫）仍然是意外的。该项目的重点是极端天气系统或EWS，例如热带风暴和飓风，这些风暴和飓风是大气波的重要对流层来源，尤其是重力波（GW），已知会向上传播并将对流层传播到中间和上层大气中。该项目将在波多黎各的Arecibo天文台（AO）及其在Culebra岛的远程光学设施（ROF）采用各种工具工具，以监视对朝Caribbean和USE的EWS朝着EWS行驶的EWS的中间气氛响应。它将覆盖约60公里至〜450 km之间的广泛高度，包括无线电接收器，流星雷达，激光雷达，照相机，全天空图像R（ASIS），Fabry-Perrot干涉仪（FPIS）和Ionosondes。拟议的工作将重点介绍（1）分析D区离子层（高度60-90 km）对EWS活性的响应，（（2）研究EWS对中等尺度行进离子层障碍（MSTIDS）的影响（MSTIDS），GWS在F-Regiion iion圈中的表现（中性）和高于150 km insonics and Interronis（30000000kM），（3）在MSTIDS期间，旨在区分目前的竞争理论。 Culebra岛上的偏远光学设施将转变为一个观察结果，将通过使学生和老师可以使世界一流的研究能够获得世界一流的研究，从而提供重要的科学观察并影响波多黎各STEM教育和文化的发展。 Culebra将安装一个气象站，为Culebra唯一公立学校的学生和老师提供动手经验，与人数不足的学生互动。此外，将为当地的库勒布拉公立高中组织两个讲习班，以促进科学参与，并容纳约40名学生和10名老师，并在AO附属科学家以及当地大学的邀请演讲者中受邀演讲。该项目还将支持一位女科学家（主要研究人员），博士后科学以及研究生和本科生。它将支持大气科学和工程学的研究生和本科教育，几种基于地面工具的现场部署，数据收集，分析和解释。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估。

项目成果

Detection and Classification of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks

• DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003669
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 作者: J. A. Ellis;D. J. Emmons;M. Cohen

Systematic Statistical Identification of Lower Region Ionosphere Acoustic Waves through VLF Remote Sensing

VLF遥感对低区电离层声波的系统统计识别

• DOI: 10.1109/orss58323.2023.10161777
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: 2023 IEEE International Opportunity Research Scholars Symposium (ORSS
• 作者: Woodward, Matthew;Cohen, Morris
• 通讯作者: Cohen, Morris

Unifying VLF Transmitter and Sferic Modeling Efforts Via Tomography

• DOI: 10.1029/2023ja031989
• 发表时间: 2023-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: D. Richardson;M. Cohen

A D‐Region Ionospheric Imaging Method Using Sferic‐Based Tomography

• DOI: 10.1029/2023ja031573
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: D. Richardson;J. McCormick;M. Cohen

Topside Electron Density Modeling Using Neural Network and Empirical Model Predictions

使用神经网络和经验模型预测进行上部电子密度建模

• DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003501
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Dutta, S.;Cohen, M. B.
• 通讯作者: Cohen, M. B.