Putting B-vitamins on the map: to what extent do they shape phytoplankton dynamics and biogeography in the global ocean?

让 B 族维生素名声大噪：它们在多大程度上影响全球海洋中的浮游植物动态和生物地理学？

• 批准号: 2220546
• 负责人: Sergio Sanudo-Wilhelmy
• 金额: $ 45.16万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2220546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Putting; vitamins; map; what; extent

B-vitamins (thiamin, B1; biotin B7; cobalamin, B12) are organic molecules necessary for all the biological transformations of the chemical elements that support life on Earth. Without the activity of those molecules, the chemistry of life on Earth—as we know it—would end. In marine systems, the availability of B-vitamins also affects food web dynamics by controlling both bacterial and phytoplankton growth and species diversity. Because many organisms that can make several B-vitamins lack the ability to synthesize others, their vitamin needs and environmental accessibility could define which, when, and where specific phytoplankton species flourish. As a result, planktonic communities in nature need to constantly share B-vitamins in a complex mosaic of interdependencies. Despite the early discovery of their relevance in the 1940s, most current marine vitamin research is still based on laboratory experiments or studies focusing on the biological responses of B-vitamin additions on algae and bacteria. Yet, vitamin distributions in the world ocean are mostly unknown, as they have only been measured in a few marine basins. Thus, the actual effect of their natural distributions in phytoplankton communities is still a mystery today. The main goal of this project is to elucidate the effects of B-vitamins availability on the spatial distributions of different phytoplankton species in surface waters of the world ocean. These data are needed to start untangling the rules by which members of the microbial plankton are interconnected through vitamin exchange and to determine how these essential interrelations may control surface ocean ecosystem functioning, such as phytoplankton and bacterial growth. Ultimately understanding these controls and their dynamics is critical to predicting future changes in the marine environment. In the future greenhouse world, the ocean is expected to be of paramount importance, providing the required protein to nurture future human populations and to reduce the levels of human-produced atmospheric CO2 through its uptake by photosynthetic organisms with different vitamin requirements. This study is to establish the first global map of B-vitamin distributions in surface waters of the world ocean collected during the Malaspina circumnavigation expedition. This global map of vitamins is being used to determine their importance on phytoplankton species biogeography, a still unresolved ecological riddle. Another objective of the study is to establish how ambient vitamin concentrations, combined with bioactive trace elements and macronutrients, promote changes in the relative abundance of different eukaryotic and prokaryotic plankton species on the surface ocean. Overall, this is the first global study on the role of B-vitamins on ecosystem functioning and species composition in subtropical and tropical open ocean environments including the ocean gyres. The investigators are carrying out targeted metagenomic analyses to identify B-vitamins synthesizers and consumers within the planktonic community at several globally distributed stations across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. The extensive datasets already generated by the hundreds of participants of the Malaspina expedition is fully available to interpret the vitamin results. This study allows us to expand our understanding of B-vitamin distributions on a global scale and further investigate how surface ocean’s plankton community dynamics are intertwined with ambient B-vitamin pools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

B-Vitamin（硫胺素，B1; Biotin B7;钴胺，B12）是对支持地球生命的化学元素的所有生物转化所必需的有机分子。如果没有这些分子的活性，我们所知道的地球上的化学反应将结束。在海洋系统中，B-维生素的可用性还通过控制细菌和浮游植物的生长和物种多样性来影响食物网络动态。由于许多可以使几种B-武器的生物缺乏综合他人的能力，因此其维生素需求和环境可及性可以定义哪种，何时何地，何时何地浮游植物。结果，自然界中的浮游社区需要在复杂的相互依赖性镶嵌物中不断地共享B-Vitamin。尽管早期发现了1940年代的相关性，但目前的大多数海洋维生素研究仍基于实验室实验或研究，该研究重点是藻类和细菌上B-VITAMIN添加的生物学反应。然而，世界海洋中的维生素分布大多是未知的，因为它们仅在几个海洋鲈鱼中进行了测量。这，他们在浮游植物社区中自然分布的实际影响仍然是当今神秘的。该项目的主要目的是阐明B-Vitamins的可用性对世界海洋地面水域不同浮游植物物种的空间分布的影响。需要这些数据开始解开微生物浮游生物通过维生素交换相互联系的规则，并确定这些基本相互关系如何控制表面海洋生态系统功能，例如浮游植物和细菌生长。最终，了解这些控制及其动态对于预测海洋环境中未来的变化至关重要。在未来的温室世界中，预计海洋将至关重要，提供所需的蛋白质来护理未来的人类人群，并通过对具有不同维生素需求的光合有机体的吸收来降低人类生产的大气二氧化碳的水平。这项研究是在马拉皮纳（Malaspina）环游探险期间收集的世界海洋地面水域中建立第一张全球B-VITAMIN分布图。这张维生素的全球图被用来确定其对浮游植物物种生物地理学的重要性，这仍然是尚未解决的生态谜语。该研究的另一个目的是建立环境维生素浓度如何结合生物活性痕量元素和大量营养素，促进表面海洋上不同真核和定原浮游物种的相对丰度的变化。总体而言，这是关于B-Vitamin在生态系统功能和物种组成在亚热带和热带开放海洋环境中的作用的首次全球研究。研究人员正在进行针对性的宏基因组分析，以识别B-Vitamins的合成器和消费者在浮游生物社区中的大西洋，太平洋和印度洋的几个全球分布台上的消费者。 Malaspina Expedition的数百名参与者已经生成的广泛数据集已完全可以解释维生素结果。这项研究使我们能够在全球范围内扩展对B-VITAMIN分布的了解，并进一步研究Surface Ocean的Plankton社区动态如何与环境B-Vitamin池交织在一起。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的审查审查的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来获得的支持。