Collaborative Research: RUI: Bank type, bank market ecologies, and support of small businesses

合作研究：RUI：银行类型、银行市场生态以及对小企业的支持

基本信息

批准号：
2218045
负责人：
Mark Cassell
金额：
$ 8.4万
依托单位：
Kent State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2218045&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research RUI Bank type

项目摘要

American banking has long denied credit to borrowers in poor and marginalized communities. Yet that system contains a striking variety of lending organizations, ranging from global corporate behemoths to community banks, credit unions and community development institutions, that embrace very different business models missions and values, and that relate to borrowers and communities, including poor and traditionally marginalized minority ones, in very different ways. This project analyzes that organizational variety and its impact in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to determine how differences in lending organizations and the ecologies or mixes of lenders that populate banking markets shape–and might enhance—access to credit for small business in poor and non-white communities. Ideally suited for this study, the PPP was a federal government program that worked though the nations’ existing lenders to issue nearly 12 million loans to businesses to keep workers on payroll during the pandemic, and produced detailed data on where and to whom lenders lent.To address the impact of lender organizational form and bank market ecologies on credit flows, this project combines interviews of lenders and borrowers with multi-level quantitative analyses of a new data set on all PPP loans that links: a) data on lending by seven lender types and socio-economic conditions in 32,000 communities, with b) data on the organizational compositions of 625 regional banking markets that served those communities. These analyses contribute broadly to understanding how organization shapes inequality, while extending organizational ecology and institutional research on organizational form and complexity to new outcomes. They address a key gap in our knowledge of class and ethno-racial divides in banking and credit, integrating work in organizational studies, economic sociology and political economy on bank organization, banking systems and their economic impacts with research in sociology, law and allied fields, which extensively analyzes banking and credit as sites of discrimination and segregation, but commonly sets organizational variety in banking aside (or focus on large banks) to document broader systemic tendencies. And by identifying possibilities for greater inclusivity within American banking—and in government programs that work though that system – this project highlights new avenues for reform, including building the capacities of lenders that engage traditionally marginalized communities and altering mixes of institutions in regional markets.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国银行业长期以来一直否认对贫穷和边缘化社区中的借款人的信誉。然而，该系统包含了各种各样的贷款组织，从全球公司庞然大物到社区银行，信用合作社和社区发展机构，这些机构包含了截然不同的商业模式任务和价值观，以及与借款人和社区（包括贫穷和传统上边缘化的少数民族的少数派，都非常不同的方式）有关。该项目分析了组织的多样性及其对薪水保护计划（PPP）的影响，以确定贷方，生态或贷方的差异如何使银行市场形成的贷款人的形态（可能会增强），并可能会增强贫困和非白人社区的小型企业的信誉。 Ideally suited for this study, the PPP was a federal government program that worked though the nations’ existing lenders to issue nearly 12 million loans to businesses to Keep workers on payroll during the pandemic, and produced detailed data on where and to whom lenders.To address the impact of lender organizational form and bank market ecologies on credit flows, this project combines interviews of lenders and borrowers with multi-level quantitative analyses of a new data set on链接的所有PPP贷款：a）在32,000个社区中七种贷方类型和社会经济条件的贷款数据，b）有关为这些社区服务的625个区域银行市场的组织组成的数据。这些分析在了解组织形式的组织生态学和机构研究中如何塑造组织形式和机构研究对新成果的发展，这广泛贡献。他们解决了我们对阶级和民族种族划分的知识中的一个关键差距，将工作纳入组织研究，经济社会学和政治经济学上，将银行组织，银行系统及其经济影响与社会学，法律和联盟领域的研究相结合，这些研究将银行和信贷与广泛的银行范围内的分析和范围内的分析（将其置于歧视和范围内）（范围内）（范围内）（范围内）（范围内）（范围内），并将其集中在歧视和范围内（范围内），并将其集中在歧视和范围内（范围内），该组织在歧视和范围内（范围内的范围）（范围内的范围）。倾向。该项目通过确定在美国银行业中更大的包容性的可能性，以及在该系统虽然有效的政府计划中 - 重点介绍了改革的新途径，包括建立与传统上边缘化社区相关的贷方能力和改变区域市场中机构组合的能力，这是NSF的法定任务和审查的范围。