Doctoral Dissertation Research: Form and function of the hip joint and pelvis in relationship to walking biomechanics and implications for the evolution of bipedalism

博士论文研究：髋关节和骨盆的形式和功能与步行生物力学的关系以及对两足行走进化的影响

• 批准号: 2217844
• 负责人: Carol Ward
• 金额: $ 0.6万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2217844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Form; function

Walking on two legs – also known as bipedalism – is a hallmark of the human lineage. It remains unclear whether and how the types of bipedalism in humans’ earliest ancestors differed from that in modern humans. This doctoral dissertation research uses 3D motion analysis to investigate how variation in the appearance of the lower limb skeleton is related to biomechanical performance while walking on two legs. In addition to direct observation, this project also experimentally tests the effects of hominin skeletal anatomy on bipedal performance. This transformational approach aims to produce a validated methodological framework for future research into the diversity of locomotor behavior in hominins. The project's anticipated outcomes include a large dataset of interest and use to anthropologists, clinical and functional anatomists, physical therapists, and other clinicians, and a new, open-source tool for measuring skeletal features that can be used by anthropologists, morphologists, and clinicians. This project supports the work of an early career scientist from a group underrepresented in STEM and provides training opportunities for undergraduates in biological anthropology, anatomy, radiology, 3D motion analysis, and more.While Australopithecus and early Homo are widely agreed to have been habitual bipeds, the form of bipedality in different hominin species and the timing of emergence of a human-like striding bipedal gait remain a subject of debate. Pelvic morphology and torsion in the lower limb bones vary among hominin taxa, and because this variation is associated with variation in the biomechanics of bipedalism in living humans, there is a unique opportunity to test hypothesized gait differences in Australopithecus and early Homo compared to later hominins. This doctoral dissertation research uses a combination of ultra-low dose standing biplanar radiographs and 3D motion analysis in a sample of living humans to quantify variation in pelvic and lower limb skeletal torsion and determine the effects of skeletal torsion across the lower limb on locomotor performance in vivo. This study integrates a novel method for measuring skeletal morphology of living subjects in 3D with established approaches to motion analysis to explore fundamental questions in functional morphology and human evolution. These findings can better characterize the functional significance of skeletal variation and its implications for understanding the diversity of locomotor behavior in hominins, as well as provide a lens through which to interpret the role of locomotion in hominin evolution, which are argued to be critical to the evolution of the genus Homo.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在两条腿上行走 - 也称为双层主义 - 是人类血统的标志。目前尚不清楚人类最早的祖先中的双性恋类型与现代人类的类型有何不同。这项博士学位论文研究使用3D运动分析来研究下肢骨骼外观的变化与两条腿行走时的生物力学性能有关。除了直接观察外，该项目还通过实验性测试了人类骨骼解剖学对两体性能的影响。这种变革型方法旨在生成经过验证的方法学框架，以对人类运动行为的多样性进行未来的研究。该项目的预期结果包括大量关注的数据集和对人类学家，临床和功能解剖学家，物理治疗师以及其他临床医生的使用，以及一个新的开源工具，用于测量人类学家，形态学家和临床医生可以使用的骨骼特征。 This project supports the work of an early career scientist from a group underrepresented in STEM and provides training opportunities for undergraduates in biologic anthropology, anatomy, radiology, 3D motion analysis, and more.While Australian and early Homo are widely agreed to have been habitual bipeds, the form of bipedality in different hominin species and the timing of emergence of a human-like striding bipedal agit remains a subject of辩论。下肢骨骼的骨盆形态和扭转在人类分类群中有所不同，并且由于这种变化与活着人类的双皮亚主义生物力学的变化有关，因此有一个独特的机会来测试假设的澳大利亚pithecus和早期同源的差异。这项博士学位论文研究结合了活人样本中超低剂量站立双波拉射线照相和3D运动分析，以量化骨盆和下肢骨骼骨骼扭转的变化，并确定骨骼扭转跨下肢对体内运动运动的影响。这项研究结合了一种新的方法，用于测量3D中生物的骨骼形态，并通过既定的运动分析方法来探索功能形态和人类进化中的基本问题。这些发现可以更好地表征骨骼变异的功能意义及其对理解人类素的运动行为多样性的影响，并提供了一种镜头，并提供了一种镜头，可以解释运动在人本蛋白进化中的作用，这被认为是通过deem of Infortional of Suttion te Infortial te Inderial te Inderial of STRITAR的进化至关重要的。影响审查标准。