Collaborative Research: Development of Dimeric Molecular n- and p-Dopants and their Application in Organic Light-emitting Diodes

合作研究：二聚分子n-和p-掺杂剂的开发及其在有机发光二极管中的应用

• 批准号: 2216857
• 负责人: Seth Marder
• 金额: $ 65万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-01 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2216857&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Development; Dimeric; Molecular

Non-Technical: There is increasing interest in low-cost, lightweight flexible electronic devices such as displays, lighting and solar cells that use organic (carbon-based) molecules or polymers in place of traditional semiconductors. The electrical properties of organic materials are often controlled using additives called dopants. The PIs have developed dopant molecules that exhibit an unprecedented combination of ease of use and effectiveness. Recently they have discovered that exposure to light can increase the utility of these dopants still further, enabling them to be used with materials suitable for display applications for which few other dopants are effective. This research explores the possibilities and limitations of this approach using chemical synthesis of new dopants, electrical measurements, and device fabrication and testing. Research outcomes may lead to improved devices, particularly displays that require less power. The research provides graduate students with interdisciplinary training, affords case studies for inclusion in the PIs' lectures, and gives opportunities for the education and training of women and minorities by hosting summer students and encouraging application to graduate school, recruiting at minority-serving institutions and conferences, and through interactions with New Mexico Highlands University.Technical: Controllable doping of organic semiconductors with molecular oxidants or reductants can greatly improve charge injection and conductivity in transistors (OFETs), as well as organic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Dimeric n-dopants offer an unprecedented combination of ambient stability and strong reducing ability. This research builds on the PIs' recent findings that UV or visible light can extend the effective strength of these dimers beyond their thermodynamic limit, enabling n-doping of OLED materials. The goal of the research is to understand the mechanism, scope, practicalities, and limitations of the photoactivation, through varying the semiconductor electron affinity and rigidity, developing both stronger and weaker dimeric n-dopants, and developing dimeric p-dopants. The approach includes dopant synthesis and characterization; reactivity and photoactivation studies; electron spectroscopy, electrical, and dopant-diffusion measurements; and OLED fabrication and testing. Broader technological impacts include facilitating OLEDs with low turn-on voltages, and simplification of OPV and OFET manufacture. Educational impacts include interdisciplinary training of research students in synthetic chemistry, physical characterization, and device work; incorporation of materials based on the research into lectures at the PIs' institutions and at New Mexico Highlands University (where students also determine crystal structures of new compounds); and opportunities for the education and training of women and minorities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术：对使用有机（基于碳的）分子或聚合物代替传统半导体的低成本，轻质柔性电子设备（例如显示器，照明和太阳能电池）的兴趣越来越高。有机材料的电性能通常使用称为掺杂剂的添加剂来控制。 PI开发了掺杂分子，表现出易于使用和有效性的前所未有的组合。最近，他们发现接触光可以进一步增加这些掺杂剂的效用，从而使它们与适合显示其他掺杂剂有效的显示应用的材料一起使用。这项研究使用新掺杂剂，电测量以及装置制造和测试的化学合成探索了这种方法的可能性和局限性。研究结果可能会导致改进的设备，尤其是需要更少功率的显示器。这项研究为研究生提供了跨学科培训，提供了案例研究，以纳入PIS的讲座，并通过接待夏季学生并鼓励申请研究生院，在少数派服务机构招募以及招募少数族裔机构和培训妇女和少数民族的教育和培训机会。会议，以及与新墨西哥州高地大学的相互作用。技术：具有分子氧化剂或还原剂的有机半导体可控掺杂可以大大改善晶体管（OFET）的电荷注入和电导率，以及有机光伏和发光二极管。二聚体N-培养体提供了环境稳定性和强大降低能力的前所未有的组合。这项研究基于PIS的最新发现，即紫外线或可见光可以将这些二聚体的有效强度扩展到其热力学极限之外，从而实现OLED材料的N掺杂。该研究的目的是通过改变半导体电子亲和力和刚性来了解光活化的机制，范围，实用性和局限性，并发展出更强和较弱的二聚体N-兴奋剂，并发展二聚体P型辅助剂。该方法包括掺杂剂的合成和表征。反应性和光活化研究；电子光谱，电气和掺杂剂扩散测量；以及OLED制造和测试。更广泛的技术影响包括促进电压低的OLED，以及简化OPV和O​​FET制造的OLED。教育影响包括对研究学生在合成化学，身体表征和设备工作方面的跨学科培训；根据PIS机构和新墨西哥州高地大学（学生还确定新化合物的晶体结构）的研究基于对讲座的研究的融合；该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评论标准来评估的，这是对妇女和少数民族的教育和培训的机会。

项目成果

Nanosecond‐Pulsed Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes at High Current Density

• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104867
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Advanced Materials
• 影响因子: 29.4
• 作者: Lianfeng Zhao;K. Roh;S. Kacmoli;Khaled Al Kurdi;Xiao Liu;S. Barlow;S. Marder;C. Gmachl;Barry P Rand

Organometallic and Organic Dimers: Moderately Air-Stable, Yet Highly Reducing, n-Dopants

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00612
• 发表时间: 2022-01-18
• 期刊: ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Mohapatra, Swagat K.;Marder, Seth R.;Barlow, Stephen
• 通讯作者: Barlow, Stephen

Use of a Multiple Hydride Donor To Achieve an n-Doped Polymer with High Solvent Resistance

使用多重氢化物供体获得具有高耐溶剂性的 n 掺杂聚合物

• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05724
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• 影响因子: 9.5
• 作者: Saeedifard, Farzaneh;Lungwitz, Dominique;Yu, Zi-Di;Schneider, Sebastian;Mansour, Ahmed E.;Opitz, Andreas;Barlow, Stephen;Toney, Michael F.;Pei, Jian;Koch, Norbert
• 通讯作者: Koch, Norbert