Doctoral Dissertation Research: Knowledge and processing of morphosyntactic variation

博士论文研究：形态句法变异的知识和处理

• 批准号: 2215102
• 负责人: Jared Novick
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2215102&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Knowledge; processing

This project examines grammatical variation across two different dialects of American English: Mainstream (or "Standard") American English (MAE) and African American Language (AAL). The project compares speakers of both dialects to participants who speak only MAE, using multiple experimental methods to determine what participants know about the grammatical patterns of each dialect and how they use that knowledge to guide moment-to-moment processing of sentences. The results will show when and how listeners with different backgrounds successfully accommodate dialect differences, which can inform efforts to mitigate the difficulty of dialect variation in settings such as schools and courtrooms.This project tests the hypothesis that people know the grammatical rules of dialects they frequently hear, regardless of whether they produce a given dialect. In a sentence rating task, participants listen to examples of Mainstream American English and African American Language, then read a series of sentences and rate how likely a speaker of each dialect would be to say each utterance. Items vary in their grammaticality in each dialect, including sentences that are grammatical in both dialects, ungrammatical in both dialects, or grammatical in AAL but not MAE. Second, an eye-tracking task tests how participants use the grammatical rules of a given dialect to guide their moment-to-moment interpretation of a sentence. Stronger effects are predicted for bidialectal participants than for monodialectal participants, since bidialectal participants have more knowledge of each dialect and shift their expectations of grammatical form depending on their interlocutor. This project unites central questions from the fields of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, showing how linguistic experience and social knowledge shape both representations of language in the mind and real-time processing of varying grammatical systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目研究了美式英语两种不同方言的语法变化：主流（或“标准”）美式英语 (MAE) 和非裔美国语言 (AAL)。该项目将两种方言的使用者与只说 MAE 的参与者进行比较，使用多种实验方法来确定参与者对每种方言的语法模式的了解以及他们如何利用这些知识来指导句子的即时处理。结果将显示不同背景的听众何时以及如何成功地适应方言差异，这可以为减轻学校和法庭等环境中方言变化的难度提供信息。该项目测试了这样的假设：人们知道他们经常使用的方言的语法规则听到，无论它们是否产生特定的方言。 在句子评分任务中，参与者聆听主流美国英语和非裔美国语言的示例，然后阅读一系列句子并评估每种方言的使用者说出每种话语的可能性。项目在每种方言中的语法性有所不同，包括在两种方言中都符合语法的句子、在两种方言中都不符合语法的句子，或者在 AAL 中符合语法但在 MAE 中不符合语法的句子。其次，眼球追踪任务测试参与者如何使用给定方言的语法规则来指导他们对句子的即时解释。预计双语参与者的效果比单方言参与者的效果更强，因为双语参与者对每种方言有更多的了解，并根据对话者改变他们对语法形式的期望。该项目结合了心理语言学和社会语言学领域的核心问题，展示了语言经验和社会知识如何塑造大脑中的语言表征以及不同语法系统的实时处理。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来提供支持。