Collaborative Research: Integrative Phylogenomics of Wing Repurposing, Vestigiality and Loss

合作研究：机翼再利用、退化和损失的综合系统基因组学

• 批准号: 2209323
• 负责人: Dominic Evangelista
• 金额: $ 27.75万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209323&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrative; Phylogenomics; Wing; Collaborative; Research; Integrative; Phylogenomics; Wing

Insects have become the most evolutionarily successful group of animals on Earth due, in part, to wings – their most striking adaptation. Wings provide insects with a myriad of advantages (e.g., in flight, courtship, defense) over their non-winged relatives. Despite this, there are countless examples of insects that have evolved to have lost their wings, or have had them reduced to the point that they are not functional for flight. Cockroaches are a prime example of this, as it appears that they have lost functional wings dozens of times throughout their 250 million year evolutionary history. This research will describe cockroach wing evolution patterns, with the aim of better understanding the value of having wings, losing them, or repurposing them for new functions. In particular, this project will examine modifications of wings in the most specialized subgroup of cockroaches – termites – and their closest cockroach relatives. Achieving these aims teaches us about the processes that shape Earth’s biodiversity, how people might conserve those processes, and how societies can learn from them to better achieve their own aims (e.g., bioinspired design of technology). The project will be carried out in a manner that will bring together international students for collaborative development in the US and abroad. The grant will also fund a mentorship workshop to maximize the benefit to project participants and other members of the local academic community. The workshop will aim to improve mentorship approaches at the pre-professional and professional stage to generate more equitable academic outcomes. This integrated phylogenomic study will assess the macro-evolutionary dynamics of wing-evolution. The research will integrate morphological study of the forewing base, and data on wing presence/absence/vestigiality/mechanical-shedding over a phylogenetic framework that additionally aims to place important rogue lineages. The resulting ancestral state reconstruction will address hypotheses about the evolutionary conservation of mechanical wing-loss, developmental wing-loss, regain, vestigiality, and correlations among these. This product will further allow robust placement of controversial fossils and thus improve divergence date inferences. In all, this study will lend understanding to the evolution of wings, the origins of phenotypes preceding eusociality in termites, and evolutionary patterns among cockroaches. Concurrent to the intellectual component, this grant will fund a mentorship improvement workshop, and other broader impact activities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

昆虫已成为地球上最成功的动物群体，部分原因是翅膀 - 它们最引人注目的适应性。翅膀为昆虫提供了与非翅膀亲戚相比的无数优势（例如，在飞行，求助，辩护中）。尽管如此，有无数的昆虫的例子已经发展为失去翅膀，或者将它们缩小到无法实现飞行的地步。蟑螂就是一个很好的例子，因为他们在2.5亿年的进化史上似乎已经失去了数十次功能的翅膀。这项研究将描述蟑螂机翼的演化模式，以更好地理解翅膀，失去翅膀或重新利用它们的新功能的价值。特别是，该项目将检查最专业的蟑螂亚组（术语）及其最亲密的蟑螂亲戚的翅膀修改。实现这些目标会教会我们有关塑造地球生物多样性的过程，人们如何保护这些过程以及社会如何从中学习以更好地实现自己的目标（例如，技术的生物启发设计）。该项目将以一种将国际学生召集在一起，以在美国和国外进行协作发展。该赠款还将资助一个心态研讨会，以最大程度地利用项目参与者和当地学术界的其他成员的好处。该研讨会将旨在改善专业和专业阶段的心态方法，以产生更公平的学术成果。这项综合的系统基因组研究将评估机翼进化的宏观进化动力学。这项研究将整合前提基碱的形态学研究，并在系统发育框架上进行机翼存在/不存在/残留性/机械脱落的数据，该框架还旨在放置重要的流氓谱系。由此产生的祖先国家的重建将解决有关机械翅膀损失，发育翼展，恢复，遗传性和相关性的进化保护的假设。该产品将进一步允许稳健地放置有争议的化石，从而改善差异日期的推断。总的来说，这项研究将对翅膀的演变，术语前的依恋性的表型的起源以及蟑螂之间的进化模式有所了解。同时，这笔赠款将资助思想改进研讨会和其他广播公司影响活动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估审查标准，被视为通过评估而被视为珍贵的支持。