Gravitational Wave Physics and Astrophysics with LIGO

LIGO 的引力波物理学和天体物理学

• 批准号: 2207758
• 负责人: Alan Weinstein
• 金额: $ 98.93万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207758&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gravitational; Wave; Physics; Astrophysics; LIGO

This award supports research in relativity and relativistic astrophysics, and it addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. Gravitational-wave (GW) physics and astronomy has entered a new era: GW transient events (so far, from the merger of compact binary systems containing black holes and/or neutron stars) detected with the LIGO and Virgo detectors in their first three observing runs (O1, O2, O3) are frequent. In the fourth observing run (O4), estimated to begin in December 2022 and continuing for one year, the KAGRA detector will also participate, and the LIGO and Virgo detectors will have increased sensitivity to distant sources. This will result in unprecedented rates of discovery of GWs from compact binary mergers, and the potential for many discoveries of GWs from other astrophysical sources such as a stochastic GW background. Indeed, entirely new classes of GW sources may be discovered. These observations will enable a wealth of studies, ranging from fundamental physics to astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology. Observations of binary black hole mergers are used to understand stellar evolution and the formation, evolution and death of binaries. They enable uniquely powerful tests of general relativity in the strong-field, highly-dynamical regime of gravity. Observations of binary neutron star mergers enable constraints on the nuclear equation of state, unique measurements of the local Hubble-Lemaitre parameter, and insights into the origins of element formation in the universe. The proposed work, in coordination with the LIGO Laboratory and LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA (LVK) Collaborations, focuses on the development of methods to confidently identify weak GW signals from astrophysical sources in the noisy data, using highly optimized search pipelines, and interpret the results in their astrophysical context. These methods will be further developed and applied to data from the LVK O4 run, and lessons learned will be incorporated into appropriate preparation for future observing runs. A variety of activities involving students and teachers from local middle and high schools, mentoring summer undergraduate research fellows, and organizing and participating in GW Open Data Workshops, aim to make these advances in gravitational wave science accessible to a broad range of people and groups.This work is devoted to discovering and analyzing gravitational-wave (GW) signals in the LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA detectors during FY2023-FY2025 (LIGO's observing runs O4 and O5). Specific scientific goals are: (a) Identifying GW signals from compact binary mergers in data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, using two of the LSC "flagship" search pipelines, PyCBC and gstlal; (b) performing ever more sensitive Tests of General Relativity as the theory of strong-field gravity governing binary black hole (BBH) mergers, through searches for post-merger GW "echoes", searches for non-tensorial polarizations in GWs from CBCs, and searches for beyond-GR parameters in signal waveforms from BBH mergers; (c) performing ever deeper searches for strong gravitational lensing of GW signals from compact binary mergers - the identification of GW event pairs, including sub-threshold event candidates, and joint parameter estimation; (d) improving the efficiency and robustness of single-event astrophysical parameter estimation to infer the masses and spins of the compact objects with accuracy and precision; and (e) using the much larger event count from O4 and O5 to further develop our understanding of the BBH merger rate as a function of mass, spin, and cosmological redshift. The work will build on existing expertise and experience in all of these efforts, and extend them to the era of frequent detections by automating routine tasks. The results of these efforts will make it possible to make confident detections of GW events as they become frequent, and make the information obtained available to the LSC, to the astronomical community, and to the public, promptly, so that they can be fully exploited by those communities to advance gravitational-wave astronomy. In order to make gravitational wave science accessible to a broad range of people and groups, the following activities will be pursued: training and mentoring a diverse range of undergraduate students in the LIGO SURF/REU program; supporting open science through the GW Open Science Center; organizing and participating in annual GW Open Data Workshops; using scientific computing as a tool to engage high school and undergraduate students through online tutorials and through outreach to STEM teachers at local schools; and engaging in K-12 outreach and communicating with the general public, through visits to local middle- and high-school STEM fairs and classrooms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持相对论和相对论天体物理学的研究，并介绍了NSF“宇宙上的Windows”的优先领域。引力波（GW）物理学和天文学已经进入了一个新时代：GW瞬时事件（到目前为止，与在前三个观察跑中（O1，O2，O3）中检测到了与Ligo和Pirgo探测器一起检测到的包含黑洞和/或中子星的紧凑型二元系统的合并）。在估计从2022年12月开始并持续一年的第四次观察跑（O4）中，Kagra探测器也将参与，Ligo和Wigo探测器对远处的敏感性将提高。这将导致从紧凑的二进制合并中发现GW的前所未有的率，以及从其他天体物理学来源（例如随机GW背景）发现GW的许多发现的潜力。确实，可以发现全新的GW来源类。 这些观察结果将使大量研究从基本物理学到天文学，天体物理学和宇宙学。二进制黑洞合并的观察用于了解恒星进化以及二进制的形成，进化和死亡。它们可以在强烈的，高度动态的重力方面进行一般相对性的独特强大测试。对二进制中子星的合并的观察可以对状态的核方程，局部哈勃 - 莱米特尔参数的独特测量以及对宇宙中元素形成的起源的见解进行约束。拟议的工作与Ligo实验室和Ligo，处女座和Kagra（LVK）合作进行了协调，重点是开发方法，以使用高度优化的搜索管道中的噪声数据中，从天体数据中确定来自天体数据的弱GW信号，并在其天体环境中解释结果。这些方法将进一步开发并应用于LVK O4运行中的数据，并将学习的经验教训纳入适当的准备工作中，以进行将来的观察。各种活动涉及当地中学和高中的学生和老师，指导夏季的本科研究人员，组织和参加GW开放数据研讨会，旨在使这些进步在引力浪潮科学方面的这些进步可用于广泛的人员和团体，这是为了发现和分析frigitational-wave 3和Kag-fy 20 frove 3和Kag，fygo，fygo，fygo gygo invo gravitation 3-fygo， （Ligo的观察运行O4和O5）。具体的科学目标是：（a）使用LSC“旗舰”搜索管道（Pycbc and Gstlal）中的两个LSC“旗舰”搜索管道，从LIGO，处女座和Kagra的紧凑型二进制合并中识别GW信号； （b）通过搜索Merger GW“ Echoes”，搜索CBC中的GWS中的非感情极化，并搜索超越网格的参数，以搜索与BBH Mergers信号的超越参数的搜索，对二进制黑洞（BBH）合并进行了强烈的重力理论，以进行二进制黑洞（BBH）合并的强烈重力理论，并搜索超级偏转性，并搜索在BBH Mermers signal offermage ofsignal of信号的参数中搜索，搜索了越来越多的敏感性的测试，并在CBC中搜索GWS中的非感情极化，并搜索在BBH Mergers的信号doveforms中寻找超越参数，以进行更敏感的测试。 （c）对紧凑型二进制合并的GW信号的强烈重力透镜进行更深入的搜索 - 鉴定GW事件对，包括亚阈值事件候选者和关节参数估计； （d）以准确性和精度来提高单事物天体物理参数估计的效率和鲁棒性，以推断紧凑型物体的质量和旋转； （e）使用O4和O5的更大事件计数，进一步发展我们对BBH合并率的理解，这是质量，自旋和宇宙学红移的函数。这项工作将基于所有这些努力的现有专业知识和经验，并通过使日常任务自动化将其扩展到频繁检测的时代。这些努力的结果将使人们对GW事件的频繁进行自信发现，并使从LSC，天文学社区以及向公众获得的信息迅速获得信息，以便这些社区可以完全利用这些社区来推动重力 - 沃夫天文学。为了使各种各样的人和团体都可以访问引力科学，将进行以下活动：在Ligo Surf/REU计划中培训和指导各种各样的本科生；通过GW开放科学中心支持开放科学；组织和参加年度GW开放数据研讨会；利用科学计算作为一种工具，通过在线教程和通过当地学校的STEM老师进行宣传来吸引高中和本科生；并通过访问当地的中学和高中词干博览会和课堂来参与K-12外展和与公众进行交流。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Targeted subthreshold search for strongly lensed gravitational-wave events

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.123014
• 发表时间: 2019-04
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: A. Li;R. K. Lo;S. Sachdev;J. Chan;E. Lin;T. Li;A. Weinstein

Bayesian statistical framework for identifying strongly lensed gravitational-wave signals

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.123015
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: R. K. Lo;I. Magaña Hernandez

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects

• DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10010034
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Galaxies
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: A. Renzini;B. Goncharov;A. Jenkins;P. Meyers

Accelerating Tests of General Relativity with Gravitational-Wave Signals using Hybrid Sampling

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.104056
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 作者: Noah Wolfe;C. Talbot;J. Golomb

Follow-up analyses to the O3 LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA lensing searches

O3 LIGO – Virgo – KAGRA 透镜搜索的后续分析

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2909
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Janquart, J.;Wright, M.;Goyal, S.;Chan, J. C. L.;Ganguly, A.;Garrón, Á.;Keitel, D.;Li, A. K. Y.;Liu, A.;Lo, R. K. L.
• 通讯作者: Lo, R. K. L.