Understanding the Fate of Plastic Additives in Marine Aerosol Mimics

了解塑料添加剂在海洋气溶胶模拟物中的命运

基本信息

批准号：
2135218
负责人：
Jonathan Slade
金额：
$ 53.27万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-03-01 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2135218&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Understanding Fate Plastic Additives Marine

项目摘要

This project includes laboratory investigations of the atmospheric reaction kinetics and the chemical and physical transformations of toxic chemical additives to plastics (e.g., plasticizers, antimicrobials, and UV filters) in the environment. These additives often end up in the oceans where they can leach into the surrounding water, becoming enriched in the sea surface microlayer. There they can become airborne as components of aerosol in the marine environment and travel long distances, serving as a respirable pathway for human exposure and impacting air quality in downwind regions. The following scientific questions will be addressed: (1) What are the chemical lifetimes of plastic additives in the aerosol phase with respect to heterogeneous reactions with hydroxyl radical (OH)? (2) How does particle composition, with respect to concentrations of inorganic ions (e.g., NaCl), organic matter, and presence of photosensitizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) influence OH reactive uptake and degradation kinetics of plastic additives in the aerosol phase? (3) Does addition of marine-relevant photosensitizing DOM degrade aerosol-phase plastic additives upon visible/UV irradiation in the absence of OH, is it competitive with heterogeneous oxidation, and what are the dominant photosensitized pathways? (4) Do gaseous semi-volatile UV filters oxidize in the gas phase to produce appreciable secondary organic aerosol?This effort and includes support and training for a postdoctoral researcher.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目包括对环境中大气反应动力学以及有毒化学添加剂到塑料（例如增塑剂、抗菌剂和紫外线过滤剂）的化学和物理转化的实验室研究。这些添加剂通常最终会进入海洋，并渗入周围的水中，并在海面微层中富集。在那里，它们可以作为海洋环境中气溶胶的组成部分在空气中传播并长距离传播，成为人类暴露的呼吸途径并影响顺风地区的空气质量。将解决以下科学问题：（1）气溶胶相中塑料添加剂与羟基自由基（OH）发生多相反应的化学寿命是多少？ (2) 颗粒组成、无机离子（例如 NaCl）、有机物的浓度以及光敏溶解有机物 (DOM) 的存在如何影响气溶胶相中塑料添加剂的 OH 反应吸收和降解动力学？ (3) 在没有 OH 的情况下，添加与海洋相关的光敏 DOM 是否会在可见光/紫外线照射下降解气溶胶相塑料添加剂，它是否与异相氧化竞争，以及主要的光敏途径是什么？ (4) 气态半挥发性紫外线过滤剂是否会在气相中氧化，产生明显的二次有机气溶胶？这项工作包括对博士后研究员的支持和培训。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用评估结果被认为值得支持。基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。