Collaborative Research: Unravelling Stripped Supernovae - Synergy between Observations and Modeling

合作研究：解开剥离超新星——观测与建模之间的协同作用

• 批准号: 2206523
• 负责人: Wolfgang Kerzendorf
• 金额: $ 41.52万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2206523&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Unravelling; Stripped; Supernovae

It has long been known that massive stars in the universe die in massive explosions known as supernovae (SNe). Supernovae resulting from the core collapse of massive stars are classified by astronomers in several ways. One type is normal SNe, whose massive progenitors have been stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes, thus known as “stripped supernovae.” Another type is classified as SNe Ic, with or without an accompanying gamma-ray burst (GRB), which emits relativistic jets of high-energy radiation. These explosions can be seen to large cosmological distances and are important for many fields of astrophysics. A research collaboration between the University of Virginia and Michigan State University will address some of the outstanding questions about SNe, such as which massive, stripped stars die in which kinds of deaths, and what is the detailed progenitor makeup for these explosions? The work will involve analyzing data from a large set of stripped SNe, as well as modeling those data and other published data via the open-source radiative transfer software called TARDIS, in combination with use of the machine-learning technology known as emulators for efficiently scanning large sets of parameters. In addition, to increase the number of members of underrepresented groups in STEM, the lead investigators will collaborate with two different programs (one, Girls Exploring the Universe, a summer program for middle school girls in Virginia, and the other at a high school in East Lansing, MI) to involve their students in different research projects that range from contributing to the TARDIS code to using the proposed widget that compares TARDIS simulations to recently observed SN spectra. Evidence suggests that school-age programs incorporating hands-on research, coding activities, and role models tend to increase self-confidence and interest of girls and minorities in STEM careers.The researchers aim to resolve two recent controversies in the SN community, with strong implications for stellar evolution, understanding the conditions needed for jet production, and for the hotly debated SN-GRB progenitor models. A clear understanding of the stellar progenitors and explosion parameters of SN and GRBs is an essential foundation for using them as indicators of star formation over cosmological distances and for assessing them as sources of re-ionizing the Universe. The proposed activities will transform the field of stripped SNe: they will quantify, for the first time, the systematic and statistical uncertainties in modeling these explosions and increase the total number of objects whose spectra have been modeled to at least 185 SNe, which constitutes the largest data set of Stripped SN in the world and allows the field to fully transition from individual objects to population studies. Moreover, the proposed framework will do so in a homogeneous and consistent manner. The proposed rapid and statistically solid theoretical interpretation framework will be made public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

长期以来，众所周知，宇宙中的巨大恒星死于被称为超新星（SNE）的大规模爆炸。由天文学家以多种方式对大型恒星核心崩溃产生的超新星分类。一种类型是正常的SNE，其庞大的祖细胞已被剥夺了其氢和氦信封，因此被称为“剥离的超新星”。另一种类型被归类为SNE IC，有或没有累积的伽马射线爆发（GRB），它发出了高能辐射的相对论喷射。这些爆炸可以看到很大的宇宙学距离，对于许多天体的许多领域都很重要。弗吉尼亚大学和密歇根州立大学之间的研究合作将解决有关SNE的一些杰出问题，例如哪些大规模，剥离的明星死在哪种死亡中，这些爆炸的详细祖细胞化妆是什么？工作将涉及分析大量剥离的SNE的数据，以及通过名为TARDIS的开源辐射传输软件对这些数据和其他已发布的数据进行建模，并结合使用称为模拟器的机器学习技术有效扫描大型参数。 In addition, to increase the number of members of underrepresented groups in STEM, the lead investigators will collaborate with two different programs (one, Girls Exploring the Universe, a summer program for middle school girls in Virginia, and the other at a high school in East Lansing, MI) to involve their students in different research projects that range from contributing to the TARDIS code to using the proposed widget that compares TARDIS simulations to recently observed SN spectra.有证据表明，学龄计划结合了动手研究，编码活动和榜样倾向于增加女生和少数群体在STEM职业中的自信心和兴趣。研究人员旨在解决SN社区中最近的两个最新争议，对恒星进化产生强烈的影响，对喷气式飞机的生产以及热门访问的SN-GRB Progenitor模型所需的条件。对SN和GRB的恒星祖细胞和爆炸参数的清晰了解是将其用作宇宙学距离的恒星形成的指标，并评估它们作为重新定位宇宙的来源。所提出的活动将改变剥离的SNE领域：他们将首次量化在建模这些爆炸时的系统和统计不确定性，并增加了这些爆炸的总数，并增加了其光谱至少建模到至少185个SNE的对象的总数，这构成了世界上最大的SN剥离数据集，并允许从单个对象进行过多过渡到人群研究。此外，提议的框架将以同质和一致的方式进行。拟议的快速和统计学上扎实的理论解释框架将公开。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估来诚实地获得支持。