Patterns of community assembly and evolution of body size variation in the Accipiter-complex, a cosmopolitan hawk clade

鹰复合体（一个世界性鹰分支）的群落组装模式和体型变化的进化

• 批准号: 2203228
• 负责人: Therese Catanach
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2203228&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Patterns; community; assembly; evolution; body

Although hawks are among the most charismatic bird groups, we know surprisingly little about how species of hawks are related to each other, how their communities have assembled over earths history, and even how many species there are on our planet. In particular, hawks that live on remote islands are poorly known and many are considered members of single widespread species, yet several of the island dwelling hawk populations are sufficiently distinct that they should be considered separate species unique to these islands. Using next generation DNA sequencing, this research is determining how many species of hawks coexist with one another and how the species are related. The researchers are using these data to determine whether the hawk communities on islands assembled over earth’s history via a single colonization followed by diversification or whether multiple hawk lineages independently colonized the same islands. By comparing the observed patterns across oceanic islands to the patterns of community assembly of hawks on mainland regions, this project will identify differences between how communities are created in these two types of landforms. This project is among the first to reconstruct community assembly patterns of a globally distributed bird group. Lastly, the team is examining over 10,000 hawk specimens from around the world to place hawks into functional ecological groups and identify natural history characteristics (such as typical prey types), which are unknown for many of the rarer hawk species. The researchers are partnering with The Women in Natural Sciences (WINS) program at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University to expose female high school students from disadvantaged backgrounds to STEM fields. The team is coleading hawk-watching field trips for all participants, and each summer a WINS student is working on the project as a research assistant on the project. This project is also supporting the early career development of the lead PI, a Hispanic American. Both PIs are researchers at a large public museum and are disseminating project results at public outreach events. Lastly, by identifying islands and regions harboring unique species, conservation resources can be better directed towards the areas or species in greatest need. Reconstructing the patterns and processes of community assembly are critical for understanding the ecology and evolution of biotas. Communities can be formed in several ways and one prediction is that communities on oceanic islands are assembled via clustering (a single dispersal followed by speciation), whereas continental communities are assembled via multiple dispersal events. The Accipiter hawk complex includes approximately 180 currently valid, named taxa (species and subspecies) that occur on both continental and island land masses. Even on remote islands, multiple behaviorally and ecologically similar, but variably sized Accipiter-complex hawk taxa are found in the same ecological communities making this hawk complex an ideal group for testing community assembly patterns on a globally distributed group. This project includes four objectives: 1) reconstruction of a subspecies level phylogeny of the Accipiter-complex, 2) identification of geographic regions with multiple Accipiter-complex members overlapping in geographic distribution, 3) characterization of size and natural history classes of these hawks based on morphological examination, 4) identification of community assembly patterns in the Accipiter-complex. To accomplish these objectives, the researchers are sequencing genomes to reconstruct a phylogeny for all currently recognized subspecies within the complex using existing specimens, creating detailed range maps for each Accipiter-complex member, and reconstructing community assembly patterns for this complex across the globe.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管鹰队是最具魅力的鸟类群体之一，但我们对鹰种的彼此之间的关系，它们的社区如何在地球历史上以及我们星球上有多少种种类的种类组装在一起。特别是，居住在偏远岛屿上的鹰是众所周知的，许多人被认为是单个宽度物种的成员，但是居住在岛上的几个人口却足够明显，应将其视为这些岛屿独有的独立物种。使用下一代DNA测序，这项研究确定了多少种鹰种彼此共存以及该物种如何相关。研究人员正在使用这些数据来确定岛上岛上的鹰社区是通过单个殖民化之后的多元化或多个霍克血统独立殖民相同岛屿而在地球历史上组装的。通过将海洋岛上观察到的模式与大陆地区鹰派社区大会的模式进行比较，该项目将确定在这两种类型的地面中创建社区之间的差异。该项目是最早重建全球分布鸟类组的社区集会模式的项目之一。最后，该团队正在研究来自世界各地的10,000多个鹰标本，以将鹰派置于功能生态群体中，并确定自然历史特征（例如典型的猎物类型），这对于许多稀有鹰种而言是未知的。研究人员正在与Drexel大学自然科学院的自然科学妇女（WINS）计划合作，以使女性高中生从不安的背景接触到STEM领域。该团队正在为所有参与者进行霍克观察野外的野外野外旅行，每年夏天，一个胜利的学生都在该项目的研究助理中从事该项目。该项目还支持西班牙裔美国人领导PI的早期职业发展。这两个PI都是大型公共博物馆的研究人员，正在公共外展活动中传播项目结果。最后，通过识别带有独特物种的岛屿和地区，可以更好地针对最需要的区域或物种。重建社区集会的模式和过程对于理解生物群的生态和演变至关重要。社区可以通过多种方式形成，一个预测是，海洋岛上的社区是通过聚类组装（单个分散，然后是物种物种），而连续的社区是通过多个分散事件组装的。 Accipiter Hawk建筑群包括目前约有180个有效的，命名为分类单元（物种和亚种），这些分类群发生在连续和岛屿地块上。即使在偏远的岛屿上，在行为和生态上的多个岛屿上，在相同的生态群落中发现了大小但大小的Accipiter-gomplex鹰分类单元，这使该鹰综合体是测试全球分布式组上社区组装模式的理想群体。该项目包括四个目标：1）重建Accipiter-Complex的亚种水平的系统发育，2）识别地理区域，具有多个Accipiter-Complex成员在地理分布中重叠的地理区域，3）基于这些鹰的大小和自然历史类别的表征，基于这些鹰的大小和自然历史类别，基于形态学检查，4）在Accipiper-complex中标识社区组装模式。为了实现这些目标，研究人员正在对基因组进行测序，以重建使用现有标本中所有当前公认的综合体中当前公认的亚种的系统发育，为每个认证者创建了详细的范围地图，并为全球范围内的该综合体重建社区组装模式，以反映了NSF的构建范围，以构建良好的构建范围。审查标准。