Heinrich Claß. The Political Memoirs of the Chairman of the Pan-German League, 1915-1933/36

海因里希·克拉。

• 批准号: 251104597
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Uwe Puschner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut (FMI)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/251104597?language=en
• 关键词: Heinrich; Cla; Political; Memoirs; Chairman

The edition of the memoirs of Heinrich Claß (1868-1953), who served as chairman of the Pan-German League (1891-1939), aims to contribute to the continuing study of contemporary German nationalism. The project combines two levels of analysis: First, the autobiographical and biographical perspective allows a study of the individual experiences of fundamental social and political change of the most important representative of the Pan-German League. Second, the project offers a structural analysis of the Pan-German League at the crucial turning point in the Leagues history from being the most important pressure group of old bourgeois nationalism of Imperial Germany to an mere interest group of notables in the Weimar Republic.The memoirs of Claß, which were completed in 1936, allow a unique view at the importance of Pan-German concepts of social and political order in the development of extra-parliamentary associations as well as parties of the political Right. The memoirs also illuminate the structural limits of Pan-German politics due to increasing ideological and mobilizational competition with new paramilitary and populist mass movements of the Right since the First World War. The memoirs show the variety of attempts of Claß to generate cooperation within the Right that changed fundamentally during the period under consideration. Despite the adaptability of the Pan-German League and its political radicalization under the leadership of Claß between 1908 and 1939, as well as the increasing adaptation of Pan-German core elements by new nationalist organizations, the Pan-Germans developed a significant demarcation to the more radical movements after 1918. This process had been underestimated in the historiography of the nationalist Right.The project will show that the so-called national opposition between Imperial Germany and the Third Reich was more stratified along Weltanschauung and milieu than had been systematically reflected in current research. The Pan-German League was not only an ideological and political missing link between old and new movements of the nationalist Right. Specific characteristics of generational socialization of the cohort of the 1860s around Claß and a remarkable stability of bourgeois values of a political culture that was shaped by conservatism, national liberalism, and ethnic nationalism of the Imperial era prevented Claß to adapt unconditionally to the political style of violence and mass politics of Volksgemeinschaft, as the National Socialists had propagated.

担任泛德联盟主席（1891-1939）的海因里希·克拉斯（Heinrich Claß，1868-1953）的回忆录旨在为当代德国民族主义的持续研究做出贡献。该项目结合了两个层面的分析：首先，自传和传记的视角允许研究泛德联盟最重要代表的基本社会和政治变革的个人经历。其次，该项目提供了对泛德联盟的结构分析。泛德同盟正处于联盟历史的关键转折点，从德意志帝国旧有的资产阶级民族主义最重要的压力集团，变成了魏玛共和国的一个纯粹的名人利益集团。克拉斯的回忆录于1936年完成，这些回忆录对泛德社会和政治秩序概念在议会外协会和政治右翼政党发展中的重要性提出了独特的看法，也阐明了泛德政治的结构性限制。自第一次世界大战以来，与右翼新的准军事和民粹主义群众运动的意识形态和动员竞争日益加剧。 1908年至1939年间，泛德意志联盟及其在阶级领导下的政治激进化，以及新的民族主义组织泛德意志人对泛德意志核心要素的日益适应对 1918 年后更激进的运动进行了重要划分。这一过程在民族主义右翼的史学中被低估了。该项目将表明，德意志帝国和第三帝国之间所谓的民族对立在世界观和环境方面更加分层。当前的研究系统地反映了泛德联盟不仅是新旧民族主义右派运动之间的意识形态和政治缺失的环节。 1860年代左右的克拉斯，以及由帝国时代的保守主义、民族自由主义和种族民族主义塑造的政治文化中的资产阶级价值观的显着稳定性，阻止了克拉斯无条件地适应暴力的政治风格和大众政治。国家社会主义者进行了宣传。