Dimensions US-China: Collaborative Research: Quantifying the Impact of Eutrophication on the World's Grassland Soil Microbial Biodiversity and Functioning

维度 中美：合作研究：量化富营养化对世界草地土壤微生物生物多样性和功能的影响

• 批准号: 2129332
• 负责人: Elizabeth Borer
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129332&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

Human activities are increasing the amount of biologically limiting nutrients, such nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), flowing into ecosystems on every continent, and this increased nutrient supply is causing dramatic impacts such as biodiversity loss. Microbes comprise most of the biodiversity on earth, and the diversity of microbes in the soil is a critical link in maintaining the health of our ecosystems. However, we have little understanding of how alteration of global nutrient supplies are affecting soil microbial diversity. The proposed work will quantify how increased nutrient supplies affect soil microbial diversity and how these changes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems around the world. The research will leverage a worldwide network of scientists, the Nutrient Network (NutNet), who are replicationg an identical nutrient-addition experiment at more than 100 grassland sites across 26 countries. Using this global research platform, this project will explore different ‘diversities’ of the soil microbes by counting their idenities (taxonomic diversity, TD), their evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic diversity, PD), the genes encoded in their DNA (genetic diversity, GD), and what they are doing (functional diversity, FD). The scientists on this research team will not only determine how these different dimensions of diversity respond to the nutrient change but also why they are changing. Are microbial communities changing because some microbes can grow better (abiotic filtering), compete or cooperate with other microbes or plants (biotic interactions), or are good or bad at migration (dispersal), or appear by chance (drift)? This project will develop new mathematical models to predict how nutrients change the diversity of soil microbes and their functions in different regions in the future. Broader impacts of this project include (i) increased public engagement and literacy in STEM via K12 education that will reach over 4,000 K-12 students including from under-served schools using NutNet plots set up for education at Cedar Creek and activities at Oklahoma; (ii) enhanced research infrastructure of the global NutNet collaboration, which benefits the greater research community via published data, provision of samples, and space for additional projects; and (iii) advanced training in international cross-disciplinary collaboration for project post-docs and students, that will generate a more competitive workforce to engage in systems-level problem solving for agriculture, environment, ecology and climate research.The project will use high throughput metagenomics technologies and integrative mathematical and statistical modeling to analyze soil grassland microbial diversity responses to experimental eutrophication along global gradients in climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions. The research will test theory-based predictions about the responses of soil microbes to nutrient supply across scales of space and time, generating novel insights into: (i) global patterns of soil microbial biodiversity (TD, PD, GD, FD) along broad gradients of climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions; (ii) the context-dependence and interactive effects of N and P supply on grassland soil microbial communities, nutrients, and soil C storage; (iii) the importance of plant, microbe and soil elemental stoichiometry for controlling the responses of microbial biodiversity and functioning to nutrient supply, as well as the role of plant-microbe interactions in mediating plant responses to nutrient addition; (iv) the relative importance of stochastic (e.g., dispersal) and deterministic (e.g., abiotic filtering, biotic interactions) processes controlling responses by each of the dimensions of microbial biodiversity to nutrient addition across global environmental and geographic gradients; (v) the importance of biodiversity and community assembly in controlling soil microbial ecosystem functioning, and the influence of environmental factors (e.g., soil, plant, climate, geography); (vi) potential “biomarkers” (key taxa or genes) of grassland soil functions; (vii) novel metagenomics-enabled ecosystem models for global simulation of grassland soil C dynamics; and (viii) model-inferred impacts of nutrient addition on soil C dynamics across biogeographic gradients in climate, plants and edaphic conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类活动正在增加流入各大洲生态系统的生物限制性营养物质（例如氮（N）和磷（P））的数量，而这种增加的营养物质供应正在造成巨大的影响，例如微生物构成了生物多样性的大部分。然而，我们对全球养分供应的变化如何影响土壤微生物多样性知之甚少。影响土壤该研究将利用全球科学家网络 Nutrient Network (NutNet)，在 26 个国家/地区的 100 多个草地上复制相同的营养添加实验。利用这个全球研究平台，该项目将通过计算土壤微生物的特性（分类多样性，TD）和进化关系（系统发育多样性， PD）、DNA 中编码的基因（遗传多样性，GD）以及它们正在做什么（功能多样性，FD）。该研究小组的科学家不仅将确定这些不同维度的多样性如何响应营养变化，而且还将确定它们的作用。微生物群落之所以发生变化，是因为某些微生物可以更好地生长（非生物过滤），与其他微生物或植物竞争或合作（生物相互作用），或者擅长或不擅长迁移（扩散），或者偶然出现（ （漂移）？该项目将开发新的数学模型来预测养分如何改变未来不同地区土壤微生物的多样性及其功能，该项目的更广泛影响包括（i）通过 K12 教育提高公众对 STEM 的参与度和素养。 4,000 名 K-12 学生，包括来自服务不足的学校的学生，使用了为雪松溪教育和俄克拉荷马州活动而设立的 NutNet 地块；(ii) 加强了全球 NutNet 合作的研究基础设施，通过发布的数据、提供样本和额外项目的空间；以及（iii）为项目博士后和学生提供国际跨学科合作的高级培训，这将培养一支更具竞争力的劳动力，以参与农业、环境、生态和农业领域的系统级问题解决。该项目将利用高通量宏基因组技术和综合数学和统计模型来分析土壤草地微生物多样性对沿全球气候、植物多样性和土壤条件梯度的实验性富营养化的响应。该研究将测试基于理论的研究。预测土壤微生物对跨空间和时间尺度的养分供应的反应，产生对以下方面的新见解：(i) 土壤微生物生物多样性的全球模式（TD、PD、GD、FD）沿着广泛的气候梯度、植物多样性和土壤条件；(ii) 氮和磷供应对草原土壤微生物群落、养分和土壤碳储存的影响；(iii) 植物、微生物和土壤元素的重要性；控制微生物生物多样性和功能对养分供应的反应的化学计量，以及植物-微生物相互作用在调节植物对养分添加的反应中的作用；(iv) 随机性（例如，分散）和确定性（例如，非生物过滤、生物相互作用）控制微生物生物多样性各个方面对全球环境和地理梯度养分添加的反应的过程（v）生物多样性和群落聚集在控制中的重要性；土壤微生物生态系统功能以及环境因素（例如土壤、植物、气候、地理）的影响；（vi）草原土壤功能的潜在“生物标志物”（关键类群或基因）；（vii）新型宏基因组学生态系统模型；用于草原土壤碳动态的全球模拟；以及（viii）模型推断的养分添加对气候、植物和土壤条件下生物地理梯度土壤碳动态的影响。该奖项反映了通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13664
• 发表时间: 2023-04-04
• 期刊: Global Ecology and Biogeography
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: A. Risch;S. Zimmermann;M. Schütz;E. Borer;A. Broadbent;M. Caldeira;K. Davies;N. Eisenhauer;A.
• 通讯作者: A.

Pitfalls and pointers: An accessible guide to marker gene amplicon sequencing in ecological applications

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13764
• 发表时间: 2021-11-12
• 期刊: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Anita Porath‐Krause;Ale;er T. Strauss;er;Jeremiah A. Henning;E. Seabloom;E. Borer
• 通讯作者: E. Borer

Long-term nitrogen deposition enhances microbial capacities in soil carbon stabilization but reduces network complexity

长期氮沉降增强了微生物稳定土壤碳的能力，但降低了网络复杂性

• DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01309-9
• 发表时间: 2022-07-28
• 期刊: Microbiome
• 影响因子: 15.5
• 作者: Ma, Xingyu;Wang, Tengxu;Shi, Zhou;Chiariello, Nona R.;Docherty, Kathryn;Field, Christopher B.;Gutknecht, Jessica;Gao, Qun;Gu, Yunfu;Guo, Xue;et al
• 通讯作者: et al