Dimensions US–China: Collaborative Research: Consequences of diversity in Asian and American tree syngameons for functional variation, adaptation and symbiont biodiversity

中美维度：合作研究：亚洲和美洲树木组合多样性对功能变异、适应和共生生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 2129312
• 负责人: Jeannine Cavender-Bares
• 金额: $ 89.01万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-15 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129312&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

The world’s approximately 425 oak species maintain species identity even while exchanging genes with their close relatives through hybridization. This history of evolution and genetic exchange has shaped the biodiversity of northern hemisphere ecosystems. Oaks are ecologically diverse, with related species often growing in close proximity but specializing on areas of the forest landscape that differ in soil texture and moisture level or in the frequency of natural fires. Gene exchange can move such ecological specializations between oak species, broadening their ranges and ability to respond to climate change. The impacts of these genetic exchanges may extend beyond the oaks themselves. Oaks host an estimated 1000 gall wasp species worldwide and highly diverse communities of fungi associated with their roots (as mycorrhizae) and inside their leaves (as endophytes). Using paired field surveys and common garden experiments the PIs will evaluate the effects of hybridization and introgression on the genetic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of focal oak species and their symbionts in the US and China. This work will also provide inquiry-based K-12, undergraduate, and graduate education; critical natural history training to the public through a community-science initiative in oak phenology; and publications that will bring research to public audiences.Two interdisciplinary teams of researchers, one based in the US and one in China, will investigate how genomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of oak trees shape the mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic fungi, and gall wasp and other insect communities that associate with them. Research will focus on two related groups of interbreeding species: bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and relatives in the US and bao li (Quercus serrata) and relatives in China. The project has three objectives, each conducted in parallel in China and the U.S. In Objective 1 the teams will perform range-wide phylogenomic surveys of natural populations to reconstruct genomic mosaics, characterize geographic patterns of leaf functional traits, and characterize functional and phylogenetic diversity of associated mycorrhizal fungi, leaf endophytic fungi, and gall wasps. In Objective 2 common gardens will be planted across climatic gradients to evaluate the effects of genetic variation and population differentiation on oak functional and spectral traits and relative fitness in different climates, and how these influence the phylogenetic and functional diversity of oak-associated fungal and insect communities. In Objective 3 the teams will use a second set of common garden experiments to evaluate how plant community and phylogenetic diversity affects focal oak species genetic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. The project will provide an integrative perspective on how oak diversity within and among species impacts the broad diversity of oak-dominated ecosystems across the northern hemisphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界上大约有 425 种橡树，即使通过杂交与它们的近亲交换基因，也保持了物种同一性。这种进化和基因交换的历史塑造了北半球生态系统的生物多样性，相关物种通常生长得很接近。专门针对土壤质地和湿度水平或自然火灾频率不同的森林景观区域进行基因交换可以改变橡树物种之间的生态专业化，从而扩大其范围和应对气候变化影响的能力。这些交换可能超出了橡树本身的范围。通过配对实地调查和常见的花园实验，橡树上栖息着全球约 1000 种瘿蜂物种，以及与其根部（如菌根）和叶子内部（如内生菌遗传）相关的高度多样化的真菌群落。 PI 将评估杂交和基因渗入对美国和中国重点橡树物种及其共生体的遗传、系统发育和功能多样性的影响。这项工作还将提供基于调查的研究。 K-12、本科生和研究生教育；通过橡树物候学社区科学倡议向公众提供重要的自然历史培训；以及将研究成果带给公众的出版物。两个跨学科研究团队，一个位于美国，另一个位于美国在中国，橡树的基因组、功能和系统发育多样性如何影响菌根真菌、内生真菌和虫瘿，研究黄蜂和其他与之相关的昆虫群落，研究将集中在两个相关的杂交物种群体上： bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) 及其在美国的亲属和 bao li (Quercus serrata) 及其在中国的亲属 该项目有三个目标，每个目标在中国和美国同时进行。在目标 1 中，团队将进行范围广泛的系统发育组调查。自然种群的重建基因组嵌合体，表征叶功能性状的地理模式，并表征相关菌根真菌、叶内生真菌和瘿的功能和系统发育多样性在目标 2 中，将在不同气候梯度下种植黄蜂，以评估遗传变异和种群分化对不同气候下橡树功能和光谱特征以及相对适应性的影响，以及这些如何影响橡树相关真菌的系统发育和功能多样性。在目标 3 中，团队将使用第二组常见花园实验来评估植物群落和系统发育多样性如何影响焦点橡树物种遗传、系统发育和功能多样性。关于物种内部和物种之间的橡树多样性如何影响北半球以橡树为主的生态系统的广泛多样性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。