Collaborative Research: Volcanism on the Edge - Basaltic Volcanism from Source to Surface across the Colorado Plateau/Basin & Range Transition in SW Utah

合作研究：边缘火山活动 - 科罗拉多高原/盆地从源头到地表的玄武岩火山活动

• 批准号: 2152735
• 负责人: Greg Valentine
• 金额: $ 29.86万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2152735&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Volcanism; Edge; Basaltic; Collaborative; Research; Volcanism; Edge; Basaltic

The American Southwest is home to nearly forty basaltic volcanic fields that collectively contain more than 2,000 Quaternary volcanoes, including many that have erupted relatively recently (past 50,000 years). Most of these volcanoes are considered to be “monogenetic” (i.e., they erupt only once), and they generally produce relatively small volume eruptions (1 km3). Nevertheless, it has recently become clear that such eruptions can pose significant hazards due to their wide variety of eruptive styles, including explosive behavior, and the fact that the location of any future eruption is unknown. In the southwest US, neither the cause of this volcanism nor the frequency of recent eruptions is well understood. This project will focus on volcanism in SW Utah, in the transition between the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces, an area that is particularly enigmatic with regard to the causes of volcanism, and poorly constrained with regard to the nature and frequency of recent volcanic activity. By integrating detailed field observations and mapping, radiometric dating, physical volcanology, and geochemical analyses, this project will provide key constraints on the sources, processes, and timescales of magma ascent and storage leading to eruption, and the link to eruptive style and hazards. In addition to providing information about hazards to the public, this work includes mentoring and training of two PhD students and several undergraduate researchers in field, analytical and imaging techniques. PIs will also engage in a variety of outreach activities related to the project, including research-based educational activities for K-12 students and teachers, public talks, and a summer course for middle and high school students.The Southwest US contains at least 2229 Quaternary volcanoes, most of which are monogenetic. Significant questions surround the causes and sources of the volcanism, the ages and eruptive recurrence intervals, and the range of – and controls on – eruptive styles. Understanding the processes that govern monogenetic volcanism in the Southwest US, and the time scales over which these processes operate, is critical for hazard and risk assessment. In addition, the mafic nature of many of these monogenetic volcanic fields makes them ideal as probes of the mantle sources that they tap, and spatial-temporal-compositional variations can thus provide a unique record of the complex tectonic history in this area. We propose an integrated physical volcanology and petrology/geochemistry study of Quaternary volcanism in the SW Utah volcanic field, spanning the transition from the Basin and Range to the Colorado Plateau, to elucidate links between tectonics, magma sources, and eruptive styles and hazards. Primary objectives include: 1) establishing age ranges and systematic age progressions, if extant; 2) evaluating the range of eruptive styles and associated hazards; 3) determining potential relationships of eruptive activity to local tectonic features; 4) constraining the nature (lithospheric vs. asthenospheric), location (depth), and spatial heterogeneity of the mantle sources tapped in the eruptions; 5) assessing the relative importance of mantle versus crustal control on magma composition and eruptive style, and the influence of magmatic water content; and 6) constraining timescales and the importance of magma storage systems in ascent from source to surface. Our integrated approach will involve detailed field mapping, 40Ar/39Ar dating, textural analysis of eruptive products, and elemental and isotopic analyses at both the whole-rock and mineral scales.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国西南部是近四十个玄武岩火山场的所在地，这些玄武岩田共有2,000多个第四纪火山田，其中包括许多最近爆发的（过去50，000年）。这些火山火山中的大多数被认为是“单基因遗传学”（即它们仅爆发一次），并且通常会产生相对较小的体积喷发（1 km3）。然而，最近很明显，由于其各种喷发样式（包括爆炸性行为）以及任何未来的喷发的位置尚不清楚，这种喷发可能造成重大危害。在美国西南部，要么充分了解这种火山主义的原因或最近喷发的频率。该项目将重点关注犹他州西南部的火山，在科罗拉多高原与盆地和山脉计划之间的过渡中，这一区域在火山主义的原因方面特别神秘，并且在最近的火山活动的性质和频率方面受到了良好的约束。通过整合详细的现场观测和映射，辐射测定，物理火山学和地球化学分析，该项目将在岩浆上升的来源，过程和时间表上提供关键限制，并导致喷发，以及与爆发风格和危害的联系。除了向公众提供有关危害的信息外，这项工作还包括对两名博士生的指导和培训，以及一些领域，分析和成像技术的本科研究人员。 PIS还将从事与该项目有关的各种外展活动，包括针对K-12学生和老师的基于研究的教育活动，公共谈判以及针对中学生的夏季课程。西南美国至少包含2229个季Quaternary火山，其中大多数是单一的。重要的问题围绕着火山主义的原因和来源，年龄和爆发的复发间隔以及射击风格的范围以及控制的范围。了解在美国西南部的单基因火山症以及这些过程运作的时间尺度的过程对于危害和风险评估至关重要。此外，这些单基因火山场的许多镁铁质性质使它们成为其敲击的地幔源的问题，并且时空复合变化可以提供该区域中复杂构造历史的独特记录。我们提出了一项综合的物理火山火山学和岩石学/地球化学研究，对西南犹他州火山场的第四纪火山主义研究，跨越了从盆地和范围到科罗拉多高原的过渡，以阐明构造，岩浆，岩浆源以及爆发性的样式和危害之间的阐明联系。主要对象包括：1）建立年龄范围和系统的年龄进步（如果极端）； 2）评估喷发样式和相关危害的范围； 3）确定喷发活动与局部构造特征的潜在关系； 4）控制爆发中挖掘的地幔源的性质（岩石圈与微磷酸），位置（深度）和空间异质性； 5）评估地幔与地壳控制对岩浆成分和喷发样式的相对重要性，以及岩浆水含量的影响； 6）限制时间尺度以及岩浆存储系统在从源到表面的上升中的重要性。我们的集成方法将涉及详细的现场映射，40AR/39AR约会，喷发产品的纹理分析以及整个摇滚和矿物量表的元素和同位素分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力和更广泛的影响来通过评估来通过评估来获得支持的珍贵。