Threat is Distinct from Valence as a Source of Biased Shoot Behaviors toward Black Men

威胁与效价不同，是针对黑人的偏见射击行为的根源

• 批准号: 2141345
• 负责人: David March
• 金额: $ 41.3万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2141345&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Threat; Distinct; Valence; Source; Biased

Black men confront a higher relative risk of being shot by police officers than do Latinos, Asian-American men, or White men in the US. Addressing negative beliefs about Black men is an overly simplistic solution because negative beliefs exist about many groups, and yet police shootings disproportionally affect Black men relative to men of other races and ethnicities. This project examines whether the act of shooting occurs quickly and frequently against Black male targets because of an automatic mental association linking Black men and threat, rather than because of a general negative bias. This idea is guided by a model that distinguishes the role of threat (risk of harm) from negative valence (disliking) in reactions to others. The threat vs. valence distinction provides a more nuanced understanding of the maintenance, pervasiveness, and ultimate expression of reactions that contribute to anti-Black shooter behavior. A greater understanding of race-based shooter bias is vital in the present where recent events have made clear the potential deadly consequences of anti-Black prejudice.The project includes a series of studies that assess automatic mental associations that people have by using state-of-the-art judgment tasks, physiological responses, and shoot behaviors as assessed in an immersive virtual reality shooting task. Several of the studies measure the associations that people have of Black vs. White with threat vs. negativity and test how the relative strength of these associations directly predict shooting behavior. One study relies on the creation of novel associations about unfamiliar target groups to determine if threat associations drive shooting behavior more generally, beyond associations with Black men. A final study disrupts mental associations of Black men with threat (vs. disrupting general Black-negative associations) to determine whether this reduces race-based shooting behavior. The PI has established connections with several police stations to involve officers as research participants and to disseminate findings and feedback among police departments. The project provides a firm understanding of how threat associations contribute to race-based shooter bias and suggests a means by which to begin to redress the negative repercussions of such biases.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

黑人面临着被警察枪杀的相对风险比在美国的拉丁裔，亚裔美国人或白人面临的更高的风险。解决有关黑人的负面信念是一个过于简单的解决方案，因为对许多群体存在负面信念，但是警方枪击事件与其他种族和种族的人相对于黑人的影响不成比例地影响黑人。该项目研究了射击行为是否会迅速发生，并且经常针对黑人男性目标，这是因为自动精神关联将黑人和威胁联系起来，而不是因为普遍的负面偏见。这个想法以一个模型为指导，该模型将威胁（伤害风险）与负面价（不喜欢）在对他人反应中的作用（不喜欢）。威胁与价位的区别提供了对有助于反黑射击行为的反应的维护，普遍性和最终表达的更细微的理解。在当前，对基于种族的射击者的偏见有更深入的了解至关重要，因为最近的事件清楚地表明了反黑人偏见的潜在致命后果。该项目包括一系列研究，评估人们通过使用最先进的判断任务，生理反应，以及在沉浸式虚拟现实现实中评估的自动精神关联，并通过使用最新的判断力，并进行了行为。几项研究衡量了人们对黑人与白人的关联与威胁与消极的关系，并测试这些关联的相对强度如何直接预测射击行为。一项研究依赖于建立关于不熟悉目标群体的新型联想来确定威胁协会是否更普遍地推动了射击行为，超越了与黑人的联系。一项最终研究破坏了黑人对威胁的心理联系（与破坏一般黑人阴性的关联），以确定这是否会降低基于种族的射击行为。 PI已与几个警察局建立了联系，以使官员作为研究参与者，并在警察部门之间传播调查结果和反馈。该项目对威胁协会如何促进基于种族的射击者的偏见有一定的了解，并提出了一种开始纠正这种偏见的负面影响的手段。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。