Monitoring the Western Arctic Boundary Current in a Warming Climate: Atmospheric Forcing and Oceanographic Response

气候变暖时监测北极西部边界流：大气强迫和海洋学响应

• 批准号: 2135537
• 负责人: Robert Pickart
• 金额: $ 237.86万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2135537&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Monitoring; Western; Arctic; Boundary; Current

Due to the changing climate, the Arctic Ocean is experiencing profound changes. Pack-ice is melting, water is warming, storms are becoming stronger and more frequent, and basic circulation patterns are being altered. This project focuses on the fate of the Pacific water that enters the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait, the narrow passage between the US and Russia. Pacific water plays a critical role in the western Arctic ecosystem. In wintertime the cold inflowing water provides nutrients that spur the growth of phytoplankton at the base of the food chain. In summertime, the warm water melts pack ice and provides fresh water to the Arctic Ocean. After the Pacific-origin water crosses the Chukchi Sea, north of Bering Strait, some of it forms a current that flows eastward along the edge of the adjacent Beaufort Sea. As part of the project, a mooring will be maintained in the center of this current to measure its physical and biological properties. The mooring has been deployed (with a few gaps) since 2002. By extending the measurements for another four years, this provides the chance to document and understand how this important part of the Arctic system is responding to the drastic environmental changes – including the varying atmospheric conditions and evolving source waters from Bering Strait. The data obtained by the mooring, along with the shipboard measurements collected when the mooring is serviced, will continue to be widely used by the scientific community in both observational and modeling studies. A graduate student will be supported by the project, and community outreach will be undertaken during one of the expeditions in order to engage the public. The AON monitoring mooring is situated at 152°W near the Beaufort Sea shelfbreak, roughly 150 km downstream of Barrow Canyon – the main Pacific water outflow point from the Chukchi Sea. It will be deployed from fall 2022 to fall 2026, which will extend the timeseries to 21 years. The mooring measures the velocity of the water column, the thickness and velocity of the pack ice, and the temperature, salinity, and pressure throughout the water column. Chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrate are measured at the top of the mooring, and a passive acoustic recorder documents marine mammal calls. Zooplankton concentration is estimated using the ADCP backscatter data. Collectively, this information enables determination of how much water, heat, nutrients, chlorophyll, and freshwater are transported by the current, and assessment of how much exchange occurs between the interior of the Arctic Ocean and the boundary waters. This includes wind-driven upwelling and downwelling that take place throughout the year along the Beaufort slope, and appear to be increasing as the climate warms. During the biennial cruises to service the mooring, a hydrographic/velocity survey of the boundary current system is carried out to obtain a large-scale context for the mooring timeseries. The shipboard sampling includes occupations of some of the Distributed Biological Observatory transects. As in the past, the biennial cruises will provide a platform for a broad array of interdisciplinary projects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于气候变化，北极海洋正在经历深刻的变化。包装冰正在熔化，水变暖，暴风雨变得越来越强烈，越来越频繁，并且基本的循环模式正在改变。该项目着重于通过白令海峡进入北极海的太平洋水的命运，即美国和俄罗斯之间的狭窄通道。太平洋水在西方北极生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。在冬季，冷流水提供的营养素刺激了食物链底部的浮游植物的生长。在夏季，温水融化了冰，并向北极海洋提供淡水。在太平洋 - 原来的水穿过白色海峡以北的丘奇海之后，其中一些形成了一种电流，该电流沿着邻近的博福特海边缘向东流动。作为该项目的一部分，将在该电流的中心保持系泊设施，以衡量其物理和生物学特性。自2002年以来，系泊设备已被部署（有几个空白）。通过将测量结果延长了四年，这提供了记录和了解北极系统的重要部分如何导致急剧环境变化的机会，包括不同的大气条件以及从bering海峡发展的源水。系泊设备获得的数据，以及在维修系泊时收集的船上测量结果，科学界将继续在观察性和建模研究中广泛使用。该项目将得到一名研究生的支持，并将在其中一次探险期间进行社区外展活动，以吸引公众。 AON监测系泊台位于Beaufort Sean Break的152°W，Barrow Canyon下游大约150公里，Barrow Canyon是Chukchi Sea的主要太平洋水出口点。它将从2022年秋季到2026年秋季部署，这将把时间延长至21年。系泊设备测量水柱的速度，包装冰的厚度和速度以及整个水柱的温度，盐度和压力。叶绿素荧光和硝酸盐在系泊的顶部进行测量，并被动录音机文档海洋哺乳动物调用。使用ADCP反向散射数据估算浮游动物浓度。总的来说，这些信息可以确定水，热，养分，叶绿素和淡水是通过电流运输的，并评估北极海和边界水之间的交换数量。这包括全年沿Beaufort坡度进行的风向上升和下降，并且随着气候温暖而增加。在每两年一次的巡航中为系泊服务时，对边界电流系统进行水文/速度调查，以获得系泊时间的大规模上下文。船上采样包括一些分布式生物观测口的事件。与过去一样，双年展的巡游将为各种各样的跨学科项目提供一个平台。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估被认为是宝贵的支持。

项目成果

Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean

北冰洋的涡流和涡动能的分布

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2022.122
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: von Appen, Wilken-Jon;Baumann, Till;Janout, Markus;Koldunov, Nikolay;Lenn, Yueng-Djern;Pickart, Robert;Scott, Robert;Wang, Qiang
• 通讯作者: Wang, Qiang

Coastal upwelling enhances abundance of a symbiotic diazotroph (UCYN-A) and its haptophyte host in the Arctic Ocean

沿海上升流增强了北冰洋共生固氮生物（UCYN-A）及其附着菌宿主的丰度

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.877562
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Selden, Corday R.;Einarsson, Sveinn V.;Lowry, Kate E.;Crider, Katherine E.;Pickart, Robert S.;Lin, Peigen;Ashjian, Carin J.;Chappell, P. Dreux
• 通讯作者: Chappell, P. Dreux

Harmful Algal Blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: An Emerging Threat as the Ocean Warms

阿拉斯加北极地区有害藻类大量繁殖：海洋变暖带来的新威胁

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2022.121
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Anderson, Donald;Fachon, Evangeline;Hubbard, Katherine;Lefebvre, Kathi;Lin, Peigen;Pickart, Robert;Richlen, Mindy;Sheffield, Gay;Van Hemert, Caroline
• 通讯作者: Van Hemert, Caroline

Paralytic shellfish toxins in Alaskan Arctic food webs during the anomalously warm ocean conditions of 2019 and estimated toxin doses to Pacific walruses and bowhead whales

• DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102205
• 发表时间: 2022-03-03
• 期刊: HARMFUL ALGAE
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Lefebvre, Kathi A.;Fachon, Evangeline;Siddon, Elizabeth
• 通讯作者: Siddon, Elizabeth

Physical drivers of sediment-water interaction on the Beaufort Sea shelf

• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103700
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
• 作者: J. Dabrowski;R. Pickart;D. Stockwell;Peigen Lin;M. Charette